本文選題：汽車起重機 + 液壓系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《沈陽建筑大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：汽車起重機是廣泛應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟各領(lǐng)域的一種流動式起重設(shè)備。隨著我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的發(fā)展,對其需求量越來越大,對其性能的要求也越來越高�；剞D(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)和起升機構(gòu)是汽車起重機重要的機構(gòu),其液壓系統(tǒng)特性直接影響整個起重機的工作性能。目前,國內(nèi)汽車起重機的制造廠商主要依據(jù)經(jīng)驗及類比的方法來進行液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計,再通過樣機試驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。這既花費了大量的時間和精力,又增加了設(shè)計成本。 本文首先對汽車起重機液壓系統(tǒng)的組成及特點和液壓仿真技術(shù)進行了介紹,闡述了液壓系統(tǒng)仿真建模的幾種方法,對汽車起重機回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、起升機構(gòu)的液壓回路進行了分析,簡化出相應(yīng)的液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖。其次,借助法國AMESim軟件,分別建立了QY20汽車起重機回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)和起升機構(gòu)的機液一體化仿真模型,恰當(dāng)選擇了系統(tǒng)元件的子模型,通過現(xiàn)場實測驗證了仿真模型的正確性。最后,設(shè)計了仿真實驗,對回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)的制動精度以及轉(zhuǎn)動慣量、回轉(zhuǎn)阻力矩、制動時間、換向閥閥口開度、溢流閥調(diào)定壓力等因素對汽車起重機回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)和起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的影響進行了分析。仿真結(jié)果表明,工作狀態(tài)改變時,系統(tǒng)會產(chǎn)生壓力沖擊,而以上影響因素對回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)和起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的壓力沖擊較為明顯,在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中必須合理匹配才能獲得滿意的系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性。 本文討論了汽車起重機起升系統(tǒng)存在的二次下滑現(xiàn)象,闡述了解決二次下滑現(xiàn)象的基本途徑,選取了將制動器油路中的單向節(jié)流閥的控制方式由手動控制改為液控,利用起升馬達進、出油口的壓力差來調(diào)整節(jié)流口通流面直徑,間接控制制動器開啟時間,從而達到消除二次下滑現(xiàn)象的最終目的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于AMESim軟件對改進后的系統(tǒng)進行建模仿真,利用仿真結(jié)果,給出了負(fù)載與起升馬達建立所需壓力的時間、制動器開啟時間之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,為通過改進單向節(jié)流閥內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)來消除二次下滑現(xiàn)象并改善二次起升性能提供了方法和理論依據(jù)。這種基于仿真技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)分析方法對其它液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計研究具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Truck crane is a kind of mobile lifting equipment widely used in various fields of national economy. With the development of China's economic construction, the demand for its performance is increasing. Rotary mechanism and hoisting mechanism are important mechanisms of truck crane, and their hydraulic system characteristics directly affect the working performance of the whole crane. At present, domestic truck crane manufacturers mainly design hydraulic system based on experience and analogy, and then find out the problem through prototype test. This not only costs a lot of time and effort, but also increases the design cost. In this paper, the composition and characteristics of hydraulic system of truck crane and hydraulic simulation technology are introduced, and several methods of simulation modeling of hydraulic system are described. The hydraulic circuit of rotary mechanism and hoisting mechanism of truck crane is analyzed. The schematic diagram of hydraulic system is simplified. Secondly, with the aid of the French AMESim software, the simulation models of the rotary mechanism and hoisting mechanism of QY20 truck crane are established, and the sub-models of the system components are properly selected. The correctness of the simulation model is verified by field measurement. Finally, the simulation experiment is designed for the braking accuracy, moment of inertia, torque of rotary resistance, braking time, opening degree of valve opening of reversing valve. The influence of the pressure adjustment of relief valve on the hydraulic system of the slewing mechanism and hoisting mechanism of truck crane is analyzed. The simulation results show that the pressure shock will occur when the working state changes, and the pressure impact of the hydraulic system of the rotary mechanism and the hoisting mechanism is obvious due to the above factors. In order to obtain satisfactory dynamic characteristics, it is necessary to match reasonably in the system design. This paper discusses the secondary sliding phenomenon in the hoisting system of truck crane, expounds the basic ways to solve the secondary slide phenomenon, and selects the control mode of the one-way throttle valve in the brake oil path from manual to hydraulic control. The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the hoisting motor is used to adjust the flow surface diameter of the throttle port and indirectly control the opening time of the brake so as to eliminate the secondary slide phenomenon. On this basis, the improved system is modeled and simulated based on AMESim software. By using the simulation results, the corresponding relationship between the load and the time required for the establishment of the lifting motor and the opening time of the brake is given. The method and theoretical basis are provided for eliminating the secondary sliding phenomenon and improving the performance of secondary hoisting by improving the internal structure of unidirectional throttle valve. The system analysis method based on simulation technology can be used for reference in the design and research of other hydraulic systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH213.6

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