本文選題：起重機(jī)底架 + 耦合��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS分析研究2888t·m大噸位雙回轉(zhuǎn)鐵路起重機(jī)的底架結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)起重機(jī)工作工況,提出了一個(gè)初始方案,用ANSYS進(jìn)行了多種建模方式進(jìn)行有限元分析,找出較符合實(shí)際工況合理的計(jì)算模型,再進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),最后進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性校核。 首先論文對(duì)國內(nèi)外的鐵路和鐵路起重機(jī)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行簡單的概述,然后介紹了鐵路起重機(jī)底架傳統(tǒng)算法和有限元算法。以及應(yīng)用到底架有限元分析中的單元、網(wǎng)格、節(jié)點(diǎn)耦合、板殼單元與實(shí)體單元連接用的約束方程法等相關(guān)技術(shù)。本論文在回轉(zhuǎn)中心支承處運(yùn)用APDL對(duì)變載荷進(jìn)行加載,并考慮底架、支腿、液壓油缸等進(jìn)行整體建模,對(duì)支腿與底架主體連接處進(jìn)行了耦合和剛接兩種不同的處理辦法,采用液壓油缸和地面考慮接觸與液壓油缸和地面全部約束平面移動(dòng)自由度的兩種不同建模方式,對(duì)比了幾種不同組合模型對(duì)底架的受力和應(yīng)變的影響。 針對(duì)初始方案的幾種危險(xiǎn)工況進(jìn)行分析及校核。底架支腿的抬腿量關(guān)系到起重機(jī)工作的穩(wěn)定性和安全性。本論文將理論計(jì)算和有限元分析得出的支腿反力進(jìn)行對(duì)比,來模擬實(shí)際支腿抬腿量的情況。 按照初始方案設(shè)計(jì)底架在應(yīng)力和變形量上都比較小,可以考慮底架的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)。利用有限元優(yōu)化理論對(duì)底架前四種危險(xiǎn)工況分別進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),在得出的結(jié)果中,綜合考慮圓整后結(jié)果再進(jìn)行每種工況的校核。對(duì)后面幾種吊臂在全平面內(nèi)回轉(zhuǎn)的工況,取吊臂與底架對(duì)角線垂直的角度進(jìn)行校核。全部校核通過就滿足了底架的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)的要求。 最后隨著起重機(jī)起重量和起重力矩不斷的增加。德國生產(chǎn)的底架的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),在原來的底架縱梁中增加了一塊縱向鋼板,分擔(dān)縱梁變截面處和底架與支腿連接處的局部應(yīng)力和確保底架的整體的剛度,特別是回轉(zhuǎn)支承附近的剛度,保證底架的其他構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定性。 對(duì)底架的整體穩(wěn)定性,縱梁翼緣板和腹板進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性的校核。在理論計(jì)算底架穩(wěn)定性的基礎(chǔ)上,ANSYS中線性特征值屈曲分析也能計(jì)算出臨界屈曲載荷,保證底架工作時(shí)的局部穩(wěn)定性。 本文探討了底架設(shè)計(jì)的幾種方案和有限元分析方法,并對(duì)箱型底架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),提出了大魚腹梁的新型結(jié)構(gòu),為以后我國大噸位雙回轉(zhuǎn)起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)提供了很多參考意義。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the bottom structure of a 2888t large tonnage double rotary railway crane is studied by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. According to the working condition of the crane, an initial scheme is put forward, and the finite element analysis is carried out by using ANSYS, and the reasonable calculation model is found out, and then the optimum design is carried out, and the stability is checked finally. Firstly, the development of railway and railway cranes at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and then the traditional algorithms and finite element algorithms of railway crane underframe are introduced. Some related techniques, such as element, mesh, node coupling, and the constraint equation method used to connect the plate and shell elements to the solid element, are also presented. In this paper, APDL is used to load the variable load at the center of the rotary support, and the integral modeling of the underframe, the leg and the hydraulic oil cylinder is carried out, and the coupling and the rigid connection of the supporting leg and the main body of the underframe are carried out. Two different modeling methods of hydraulic cylinder and ground considering contact with hydraulic cylinder and all constrained plane moving degrees of ground are used to compare the influence of several kinds of combined models on the stress and strain of the underframe. Several dangerous conditions of the initial scheme are analyzed and checked. The lifting of the leg of the underframe is related to the stability and safety of the crane. In this paper, the theoretical calculation and finite element analysis are compared to simulate the actual leg lift. Since the stress and deformation of the underframe are small according to the initial scheme, the lightweight design of the underframe can be considered. According to the finite element optimization theory, the first four dangerous conditions of the underframe were optimized, and the results obtained were checked after the round results were considered synthetically. The vertical angle between the boom and the chassis diagonal line is taken to check the working conditions of the latter several kinds of boom rotating in the full plane. All the checks meet the requirements of lightweight design of the underframe. Finally, with the crane lifting weight and lifting torque increasing. The structure of the frame made in Germany has been improved by adding a longitudinal steel plate to the original frame longitudinal beam to share the local stress at the variable section of the longitudinal beam and the connection between the underframe and the supporting leg and to ensure the overall stiffness of the underframe. In particular, the stiffness near the slewing support ensures the stability of other members of the underframe. Check the overall stability of the underframe and the flange plate and web plate of the longitudinal beam. On the basis of theoretical calculation of the stability of the underframe, the buckling analysis of the mid-line eigenvalue of ANSYS can also calculate the critical buckling load and ensure the local stability of the underframe. In this paper, several schemes and finite element analysis methods of bottom frame design are discussed, and the optimization design of box frame structure is carried out, and a new structure of large fish-web beam is put forward. It provides a lot of reference significance for the design of large-tonnage double-rotary crane in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U273.92;TH218

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