本文選題：振動 + 離心泵　； 參考：《太原理工大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：離心泵是食品冶金、能源動力和石油化工等諸多領域中廣泛使用的一種流體輸送機械,隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產力的不斷發(fā)展,離心泵的轉速和精密度要求也日趨提高,由此帶來的振動問題一直是人們關注的重點。振動是離心泵的一種高發(fā)故障形式,其產生的主要原因是轉子系統(tǒng)質心發(fā)生了偏移,而想要消除這種振動,就需要改變轉子系統(tǒng)的質量分布,也即是我們所說的轉子平衡。 本文首先對離心泵結構與工作原理進行了研究,并對其產生振動的原因和機理進行了分析；另一方面著重對離心泵轉子平衡技術的原理進行了深入研究,給出了轉子平衡技術的一些基礎定義和平衡精度等級等具體平衡操作中的概念,并對實現(xiàn)轉子動平衡的操作技術進行了探討；最后本文以離心泵轉子按支撐形式分為懸臂式離心泵和與其對應的雙支撐式離心泵兩種為例,對每種支撐形式的轉子按其不同的結構進行了轉子動平衡技術的試驗研究。 通過理論和試驗研究,本文得出的主要結論如下： 一、離心泵由于本身構造和工作使用原理產生不平衡的原因歸納起來主要有兩大方面：一方面是物料對葉輪長時間的沖擊、沖刷以及浸泡導致的葉輪局部變形、表面磨損以及腐蝕而引發(fā)的轉子質心偏移,此種原因只能夠依靠轉子動平衡來進行校正以保證其正常工作；另一方面則是在制造過程中產生的如鑄造缺陷、葉輪對心程度不夠等,此種原因在一定程度上可以依靠提高制造精度優(yōu)化設計來降低,但是在各部件組裝后還是需要進行動平衡校正才能投入工作。 二、基于轉子的校正面與支撐之間的位置關系,離心泵轉子分為懸臂式和與之對應的雙支撐式,由于轉子的結構形式不同,所選擇的校正方案也不同。 1、懸臂式離心泵轉子系統(tǒng)只有一個或者兩個葉輪,如果不是葉輪特別厚或者轉子不平衡量特別小,通常情況都要考慮對輪系進行輔助動平衡校正。 葉輪校正面校正手段主要是磨削,單級時如果不平衡量非常大而葉輪流道又比較寬,則可以考慮在流道內焊接加重；兩級時除非轉子的不平衡量非常大,才會考慮進行焊接加重,否則校正手段只選取磨削去重。 對輪校正面手段就比較多樣,如果不平衡量非常小,可以在對輪內側非配合面上進行少量磨削；如果不平衡量非常大則優(yōu)先考慮在輪轂上進行焊接加重；其余的情況通常選擇在輪轂上鉆孔這一手段。 2、雙支撐式離心泵轉子級數(shù)通常較多,因此校正面大多選擇在葉輪上。 當該類轉子只有一個葉輪時,除非不平衡量非常大,才會考慮到焊接加重,一般都選擇在葉輪的兩側磨削去重；當該類轉子有兩個葉輪時,各選取一個作為校正面,校正手段主要是磨削,盡量不使用焊接加重,一些有條件的葉輪可以考慮鉆孔去重；當葉輪數(shù)量超過兩個時,要盡量選取遠離中心的葉輪作為校正面,并可選取多個葉輪將不平衡量平均分解,校正手段大多采取磨削去重。 通過具體的試驗研究,將不同類型轉子的平衡方案進行了分類,為進一步完善動平衡校正過程提供了一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal pump is widely used in many fields , such as food metallurgy , energy power and petrochemical industry . With the development of modern industrial productivity , the rotating speed and precision of centrifugal pump are becoming more and more important . The vibration problem has been the focus of attention . Vibration is a kind of high failure form of centrifugal pump . The main reason is that the center of mass of the rotor system is shifted , and it is necessary to change the mass distribution of the rotor system , that is to say , the rotor balance .

In this paper , the structure and working principle of centrifugal pump are studied firstly , and the reason and mechanism of vibration are analyzed .
On the other hand , the principle of rotor balance technology of centrifugal pump is studied deeply , some basic definition of rotor balance technology and the concept of balance operation are given , and the operation technology of rotor dynamic balance is discussed .
In the end , the centrifugal pump rotor is divided into cantilever type centrifugal pump and its corresponding double support centrifugal pump , and the rotor dynamic balance technology is tested according to its different structure .

Through theoretical and experimental studies , the main conclusions are as follows :

1 . There are two main reasons for the unbalance of centrifugal pump due to its own structure and working principle : on the one hand , there are two main aspects : the impact of material on the long - term impact of the impeller , the erosion of the impeller , the partial deformation of the impeller caused by the soaking , the wear of the surface and the deviation of the center of mass of the rotor caused by corrosion , which can only be corrected by the dynamic balance of the rotor to ensure its normal operation ;
On the other hand , in the manufacturing process , such as casting defects , insufficient impeller centering degree , etc . , the reason can be reduced to some extent by improving the manufacturing accuracy optimization design , but after each component is assembled , dynamic balance correction is required to be put into operation .

secondly , based on the positional relationship between the front surface of the rotor and the support , the centrifugal pump rotor is divided into a cantilever type and a double support type corresponding to the cantilever type , and the selected correction scheme is different due to the different structural form of the rotor .

1 . There are only one or two impellers in the rotor system of the cantilever type centrifugal pump . If the impeller is not particularly thick or the unbalance amount of the rotor is small , the auxiliary dynamic balance correction of the wheel train shall be considered .

The correction means of the front surface of the impeller is mainly the grinding and the single stage , if the unbalance amount is very large and the blade rotation way is wider , the welding emphasis in the flow channel can be considered ;
2 . The number of rotor stages of the double - supported centrifugal pump is usually more , so the front face is mostly selected on the impeller .

if that unbalance amount is very small , a small amount of grinding can be carried out on the non - mating surface on the inner side of the wheel ;
If the unbalance is very large , priority is given to the welding emphasis on the hub ;
The rest is usually a means of drilling on the hub .

If the unbalance of the rotor is very large at the two stages , the welding is aggravated , otherwise the correction means only selects the grinding de - emphasis .

When there is only one impeller in this type of rotor , unless the unbalance is measured very large , the welding emphasis will be taken into account , and it is generally chosen to grind the rotor on both sides of the impeller ;
When the rotor has two impellers , one is selected as the correction surface , the correction method is mainly grinding , the welding emphasis is not used as much as possible , and some qualified impellers can take into account the weight of the drilling hole ;
When the number of impellers exceeds two , the impeller far away from the center shall be selected as the front face of the correction , and multiple impellers shall be selected to measure the average decomposition of the unbalance , and most of the correction means adopt grinding to remove weight .

Through the concrete experiment research , the balancing scheme of different types of rotors is classified , and a certain reference basis is provided for further improving the dynamic balance correction process .
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH311

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本文編號：2089086