發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 08:43

  本文選題：模塊化 + 參數(shù)化　； 參考：《上海交通大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年,隨著資源耗竭和環(huán)境污染形勢日益嚴峻,人們開始關(guān)注產(chǎn)品設(shè)計制造及其整個生命周期對環(huán)境的影響,綠色設(shè)計和制造成為人們的共識。生命周期評價是綠色設(shè)計的重要支撐技術(shù)之一,被認為是最有潛力和發(fā)展前景的可持續(xù)發(fā)展支持技術(shù)。生命周期評價(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)是對某一產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)或服務從原材料獲取直至最終廢棄處理的整個生命周期的輸入、輸出進行編制及對其潛在環(huán)境影響進行評價的技術(shù)。由于產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)的復雜性,輸入輸出數(shù)據(jù)收集和計算的工作量非常繁重。目前歐美許多國家已經(jīng)開發(fā)了基礎(chǔ)材料和能源數(shù)據(jù)庫,并推出了相應的LCA軟件工具,這些一定程度上降低了LCA數(shù)據(jù)收集的工作量,促進了LCA的發(fā)展。但現(xiàn)有LCA軟件之間的差別并不大,并存在一些問題,例如產(chǎn)品模型不清晰,建模精度不高,數(shù)據(jù)重用級別較低,軟件操作復雜,對用戶要求較高等等。并且,LCA在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展較為滯后,雖然許多大學和研究機構(gòu)都已經(jīng)展開了LCA的研究,但目前國內(nèi)尚沒有統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)材料數(shù)據(jù)庫和商用的LCA軟件。針對這些問題,本文主要進行了以下研究工作: 首先,提出了一種將參數(shù)化應用于LCA的新方法,即基于加工工藝的參數(shù)化LCA方法。LCA只考慮加工中的物能消耗,并不考慮產(chǎn)品外觀形狀,而物能消耗與加工工藝參數(shù)和加工設(shè)備參數(shù)是相關(guān)的。通過工藝和設(shè)備參數(shù)采集數(shù)據(jù),不但難度降低,而且準確度也可以得到保證。這個方法可以將數(shù)據(jù)采集細化至加工工藝級,提高了精度,并且具有較強的通用性。文章詳細討論了參數(shù)化模型的思路、應用方式及建立過程。 其次,將模塊化的思想應用于生命周期評價中。模塊化是綠色設(shè)計的重要技術(shù)之一,模塊最大的特點在于其通用性。從LCA的角度看,模塊的重用,實際上就是模塊所包含的一套基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的整體重用。因而,對照現(xiàn)有的LCI數(shù)據(jù)庫,本研究建立了模塊數(shù)據(jù)庫,將LCA中數(shù)據(jù)重用的級別從現(xiàn)有的原材料、能量等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)級提高至零部件級,大大提高了數(shù)據(jù)重用的效率。文章討論了模塊數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立過程和模塊化思想下LCA軟件的建模方式。 第三,針對現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)軟件用戶操作任務量較大的問題,本文提出了基于評價模板的產(chǎn)品生命周期評價方法,將用戶操作LCA軟件的工作量分為兩部分,分別是產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)分析和生命周期評價,這兩部分分別由軟件提供者和操作用戶來完成。用戶在操作時,可以直接由模板建立新的評價工程,節(jié)省了大量產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)分析和建模的時間,降低了用戶操作的工作量。并且,模板用于評價同系列產(chǎn)品時優(yōu)勢更加突出。 最后,本文開發(fā)了基于以上理念的產(chǎn)品生命周期評價軟件MPT-LCA,與現(xiàn)有軟件相比,MPT-LCA具有多方面的優(yōu)勢,例如采用參數(shù)化模型,方便數(shù)據(jù)收集,且細化了產(chǎn)品模型,建模精度更高;零部件級采用模塊化產(chǎn)品模型,提高數(shù)據(jù)重用級別;提供產(chǎn)品評價模板,并支持用戶自定義模板,在評價特定產(chǎn)品或同系列產(chǎn)品時工作量大幅降低。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, as resource depletion and environmental pollution become increasingly severe, people begin to pay attention to the impact of product design and production and the whole life cycle on the environment. Green design and manufacturing have become common understanding. Life cycle assessment is one of the most important supporting technologies for green design and is considered to be the most potential and sustainable sustainable development. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the input of the whole life cycle of a product system or service from the raw material to the final waste treatment, the production of the output and the evaluation of its potential environmental impact. The workload is very heavy. Many countries in Europe and America have developed basic materials and energy databases and introduced the corresponding LCA software tools. These reduce the workload of LCA data collection and promote the development of LCA. However, there are little differences between the existing LCA software, and there are some problems, such as product model. It is not clear, the precision of modeling is not high, the level of data reuse is low, the operation of software is complex, the requirement of the user is higher, and so on. And the development of LCA is lagging behind in China. Although many universities and research institutions have already carried out the research of LCA, there is no unified basic material database and commercial LCA software at home. In this paper, the following research work is carried out in this paper.
First, a new method of parameterized application to LCA is proposed, that is, the parameterized LCA method based on processing technology,.LCA only takes into account the material energy consumption in processing, does not take into account the appearance of the product, and the energy consumption is related to the processing parameters and the processing equipment parameters. And the accuracy can also be guaranteed. This method can refine the data collection to the processing level, improve the precision, and have strong generality. The paper discusses the thought of the parameterized model, the application way and the establishment process in detail.
Secondly, modularization is applied to life cycle evaluation. Modularization is one of the most important technologies of green design. The largest feature of the module is its generality. From the point of view of LCA, the reuse of modules is actually the overall reuse of a set of basic data contained in the module. Therefore, the research is established against the existing LCI database. The module database improves the level of data reuse in LCA from the existing raw materials, energy and other basic data levels to the component level, which greatly improves the efficiency of data reuse. The article discusses the establishment process of the module database and the modeling method of the LCA software under the modularization idea.
Third, in view of the large amount of operational tasks of the existing commercial software users, this paper proposes a product life cycle evaluation method based on the evaluation template, which divides the workload of user operating LCA software into two parts, which are product structure analysis and life cycle evaluation, respectively, the two parts are completed by the software provider and the operating user respectively. When the user is operating, a new evaluation project can be set up directly from the template, which saves a lot of time for the analysis and modeling of the product structure and reduces the workload of the user's operation. Moreover, the advantages of the template are more prominent when it is used to evaluate the same series of products.
Finally, the product life cycle evaluation software MPT-LCA based on the above concept is developed. Compared with the existing software, MPT-LCA has many advantages, such as using the parameterized model, convenient data collection, refining the product model and improving the modeling precision; the component level uses modular product model to improve the level of data reuse; Product evaluation template, and support user defined template, in the evaluation of specific products or a series of products, the workload significantly reduced.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH186;TP311.52

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本文編號：2065345