本文選題：軸向柱塞泵 + 流量脈動��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：軸向柱塞液壓泵是多種大型機(jī)電裝備和國防裝備配套液壓傳動系統(tǒng)的核心動力元件,是液壓系統(tǒng)主要噪聲源,隨著社會對環(huán)保的日益重視,主機(jī)對配套元件的噪聲指標(biāo)提出了日益嚴(yán)格的要求,因此軸向柱塞泵的減振降噪問題十分迫切。軸向柱塞泵是一個涉及多學(xué)科的復(fù)雜液壓元件,其噪聲形成機(jī)理復(fù)雜,存在多種噪聲激振源間轉(zhuǎn)換和耦合傳遞,并影響泵的壽命、可靠性和效率,因此實現(xiàn)軸向柱塞泵噪聲控制是流體傳動領(lǐng)域的研究重點和難點。本學(xué)位論文針對柱塞泵噪聲形成機(jī)理及多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化展開研究,目的在于提高柱塞泵綜合性能,為低噪音高可靠性柱塞泵設(shè)計提供設(shè)計工具和方法,選題具有很強(qiáng)的工程應(yīng)用背景和重要的學(xué)術(shù)研究價值。 本學(xué)位論文提出三種新型的軸向柱塞泵降噪方法,包括低流量脈動軸向柱塞泵配流盤設(shè)計方法,具有轉(zhuǎn)位角的同軸驅(qū)動雙轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法,以及具有能量回收功能的壓力平均結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法,仿真計算和試驗結(jié)果表明,這三種降噪方法可以不同程度降低軸向柱塞泵的流體噪聲和結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲激振源強(qiáng)度,可為現(xiàn)有軸向柱塞泵噪聲等級優(yōu)化和新型低噪音軸向柱塞泵開發(fā)提供理論支撐。第一種,低流量脈動軸向柱塞泵配流盤設(shè)計方法首次考慮了柱塞腔流量倒灌峰值分布位置對泵出口流量脈動幅值的影響,以實現(xiàn)柱塞腔壓力平穩(wěn)過渡和流量倒灌遞減分布為約束函數(shù),建立配流盤過渡區(qū)阻尼槽通流面積最優(yōu)值求解模型。該設(shè)計方法可消除傳統(tǒng)基于柱塞泵流體特性仿真模型設(shè)計方法中的反復(fù)仿真、數(shù)據(jù)處理、篩選的設(shè)計流程,而且由于求解模型中沒有限定阻尼槽結(jié)構(gòu)形式,因此可以用于不同類型配流盤過渡區(qū)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計。配流盤優(yōu)化前后的試驗結(jié)果對比表明,此設(shè)計方法可以降低柱塞泵出口流量脈動和柱塞腔壓力沖擊。第二種,具有轉(zhuǎn)位角的同軸驅(qū)動雙轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法創(chuàng)新性提出用同軸驅(qū)動的雙轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)單進(jìn)單出軸向柱塞泵的單轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu),兩個轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)的輸出流量波形具有最佳相位差,在柱塞泵出油口處合流時,波峰和波谷疊加的平均效應(yīng)可顯著降低軸向柱塞泵的出口流量脈動。仿真計算表明此降噪方法可使泵出口流量脈動降低60%以上,斜盤轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動降低約40%,主軸轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動降低80%以上。由于合流疊加時的平均效果僅受轉(zhuǎn)位角確定,因此此降噪方法的降噪效果對泵工作參數(shù)的敏感度較低。第三種,具有能量回收功能的壓力平均結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法則提出通過內(nèi)死點高壓柱塞腔和外死點低壓柱塞腔間的壓力平均完成柱塞腔的壓力過渡,單向流動的壓力容腔作為中轉(zhuǎn)站,實現(xiàn)高壓柱塞腔閉死容積內(nèi)部分液壓能的回收,并降低柱塞腔與腰型槽之間的流量倒灌總量及峰值。仿真計算結(jié)果表明,能量回收總量與高壓柱塞腔閉死容積內(nèi)存儲的液壓能成正比,在高壓和小斜盤傾角時,壓力平均的效果最顯著,與傳統(tǒng)的柱塞泵相比,泵出口流量脈動和斜盤轉(zhuǎn)矩可以分別降低40%和30%以上,泵容積效率可以提高3%以上,因此此設(shè)計方法有利于改善柱塞泵在高壓小排量時效率低的固有缺陷。 論文主要結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 第一章,指出了論文研究的背景和意義,對國內(nèi)外主要的柱塞泵科研院所和企業(yè)相關(guān)研究情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)研,綜述了柱塞泵減振降噪技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢,在此基礎(chǔ)上確定了本學(xué)位論文的研究內(nèi)容和技術(shù)難點。 第二章,建立完整的軸向柱塞泵噪聲激振源評估模型。建立了柱塞泵宏觀流動特性數(shù)學(xué)模型,并基于油膜動態(tài)潤滑模型對摩擦副微觀特性參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化模型中的主要影響參數(shù),為不同降噪方法的降噪效果分析提供理論依據(jù),通過不同工況下流量脈動和容積效率試驗測試結(jié)果和仿真結(jié)果的對比,對模型的仿真精度進(jìn)行驗證。 第三章,提出低流量脈動軸向柱塞泵配流盤設(shè)計方法。首先分析流體噪聲和結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲耦合形成機(jī)理,提出配流盤過渡區(qū)設(shè)計最佳約束函數(shù)；然后建立配流盤過渡區(qū)阻尼槽、阻尼孔及腰型槽等參數(shù)的計算數(shù)學(xué)模型,并討論最佳設(shè)計參數(shù)的選擇,并分析此降噪方法在降柱塞腔壓力沖擊和流量倒灌幅值、減少配流盤過渡區(qū)交叉流量的效果,指出傳統(tǒng)配流盤配流結(jié)構(gòu)存在對泵工作參數(shù)敏感性高的缺點；最后采用此設(shè)計方法對某型號配流盤進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,通過流量脈動試驗對比,驗證此設(shè)計方法的可行性。。 第四章,分析具有轉(zhuǎn)位角的同軸驅(qū)動雙轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法。首先提出具有轉(zhuǎn)位角的雙聯(lián)式軸向柱塞泵結(jié)構(gòu)方案,分析此降噪方案的工作原理；然后優(yōu)化轉(zhuǎn)位角數(shù)值,分析此降噪方法降低出口流量脈動、斜盤轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動和主軸轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動的顯著效果及機(jī)理,以及降噪效果對軸向柱塞泵工作參數(shù)的敏感性；最后對具有轉(zhuǎn)位角雙聯(lián)泵物理實現(xiàn)方案進(jìn)行設(shè)計。 第五章,分析具有能量回收功能的壓力平均結(jié)構(gòu)降噪方法。首先分析柱塞腔油液和壓力在配流盤過渡區(qū)變化過程,設(shè)計基于高速單向閥和壓力回收容腔的壓力平均配流結(jié)構(gòu)；然后分析此降噪方法的工作原理及顯著降低流量脈動和斜盤轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動的原因；最后優(yōu)化單向閥響應(yīng)頻率和壓力回收容腔容積,分析降噪效果受軸向柱塞泵工作參數(shù)影響規(guī)律,并設(shè)計了相關(guān)模型泵。 第六章,對論文的研究結(jié)論進(jìn)行總結(jié),在基礎(chǔ)上提出本博士學(xué)位論文的創(chuàng)新點,并展望了該研究課題的后續(xù)研究方向。
[Abstract]:The axial piston hydraulic pump is the core power element of the hydraulic transmission system of a variety of large electromechanical equipment and national defense equipment. It is the main noise source of the hydraulic system. With the increasing attention of the society to environmental protection, the main engine has put forward the increasingly strict requirements for the noise index of the supporting components, because the problem of vibration and noise reduction of this axial piston pump is very urgent. Axial piston pump is a complex hydraulic component involving multidisciplinary. Its noise formation mechanism is complex, there are many kinds of noise excitation source conversion and coupling transmission, and influence the life, reliability and efficiency of the pump. Therefore, to realize the noise control of the axial piston pump is the key and difficult point in the field of fluid transmission. This dissertation is aimed at the piston pump The study of the mechanism of noise formation and the multi-objective optimization is aimed at improving the comprehensive performance of the piston pump and providing a design tool and method for the design of a low noise and high reliability plunger pump. The topic has a strong engineering application background and important academic research value.
Three new methods of reducing the noise of axial piston pump are proposed in this thesis, including the design method of a low flow pulsating axial piston pump, the method of reducing the noise of the double rotor structure with the rotating angle and the mean structure of the pressure reduction with the energy recovery function. The results of imitation true calculation and test show that these three methods of noise reduction are shown. The noise of the axial piston pump and the source strength of the structural noise can be reduced to a different degree. It can provide theoretical support for the optimization of the existing axial piston pump and the development of a new type of low noise axial piston pump. The first method of the design of the flow plate of a low flow pulsating axial piston pump for the first time takes into account the peak distribution of the flow reversal of the plunger cavity. The effect of position on the amplitude of pump outlet flow pulsation, in order to realize the smooth transition of the piston cavity and the decreasing distribution of flow inversion as the constraint function, set up the optimal solution model of the flow area of the damping groove in the transition zone of the flow plate. The design method can eliminate the repeated simulation in the traditional design method of the fluid characteristic simulation model based on the piston pump, and the data can be eliminated. This design method can be used to optimize the design of the transition zone of different types of disks. The comparison of the experimental results before and after the optimization of the flow plate shows that the design method can reduce the flow pulsation of the plunger pump and the pressure impact of the plunger cavity. Second kinds, The coaxial driven double rotor noise reduction method innovatively proposes that the coaxial driven double rotor structure is used instead of the single rotor structure of the traditional single inlet and single axial piston pump. The output flow waveform of the two rotor structures has the best phase difference. The average effect of the superposition of wave peak and wave valley can be significant when the oil outlet of the plunger pump conflows. The simulation results show that the flow pulsation of the pump can be reduced by more than 60%, the torque ripple of the slanted disc is about 40% and the torque ripple of the spindle is reduced by more than 80%. The mean effect of the combined flow is only determined by the transposition angle, so the noise reduction effect of this noise reduction method is to the working parameters of the pump. The third kinds of pressure average structural noise reduction method, with energy recovery function, put forward the pressure transition between the high pressure plunger cavity in the dead point and the low pressure plunger cavity in the outer dead point, and the pressure chamber of the unidirectional flow is used as the transfer station to realize the partial hydraulic energy in the closed dead volume of the high pressure plunger cavity. The simulation results show that the total amount of energy recovery is proportional to the hydraulic energy stored in the closed dead volume of the high pressure plunger cavity, and the average pressure effect is the most significant in the angle of high pressure and small inclined disc. Compared with the traditional plunger pump, the pump outlet flow pulsation and the inclined disk rotation are compared. The moment can be reduced by 40% and 30% respectively, and the pump volume efficiency can be increased by more than 3%. Therefore, this design method is helpful to improve the inherent defects of the piston pump with low efficiency at high pressure and small displacement.
The main structure of the paper is as follows:
In the first chapter, the background and significance of the research are pointed out, and the research status of the main piston pump research institutes and enterprises at home and abroad is investigated. The research status and development trend of the piston pump vibration reduction and noise reduction technology are summarized. On this basis, the research content and technical difficulties of this dissertation are determined.
In the second chapter, a complete evaluation model of noise excitation source for axial piston pump is set up. A mathematical model of the macro flow characteristic of the piston pump is set up. Based on the dynamic lubrication model of the oil film, the micro characteristic parameters of the friction pair are optimized and the main parameters in the model are optimized. The theoretical basis is provided for the analysis of the noise reduction effect of different noise reduction methods. The simulation accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the test results of flow pulsation and volumetric efficiency under different conditions.
In the third chapter, the design method of the flow disc for the low flow pulsating axial piston pump is proposed. First, the coupling formation mechanism of the fluid noise and the structural noise is analyzed, and the optimal constraint function is proposed for the design of the transition zone of the flow disc. Then, the mathematical model of the damping groove, the damping hole and the waist groove is set up, and the optimum design parameters are discussed. Selection, and analysis of the noise reduction method in the plunger cavity pressure impact and flow inversion amplitude, reduce the effect of cross flow in the transition zone of the flow plate, point out that the traditional matching flow structure has a high sensitivity to the working parameters of the pump. Finally, the design method is used to optimize the design of a type of flow plate and through the flow pulsation test. Contrast, verify the feasibility of this design method.
The fourth chapter analyzes the noise reduction method of the coaxial driven double rotor structure with the transposition angle. First, the structure scheme of the dual axial piston pump with the transposition angle is proposed, and the working principle of the noise reduction scheme is analyzed. Then the value of the transposition angle is optimized and the noise reduction method reduces the flow pulsation of the outlet flow, the torque ripple of the inclined disk and the torque ripple of the spindle. The effect and mechanism, as well as the sensitivity of the noise reduction effect to the working parameters of the axial piston pump are discussed. Finally, the physical realization scheme of the dual pump with the transposition angle is designed.
The fifth chapter analyzes the noise reduction method of the pressure average structure with the energy recovery function. Firstly, it analyzes the change process of the oil and pressure in the transition zone of the plunger cavity, and designs the pressure average flow structure based on the high speed one-way valve and the pressure recovery chamber, and then analyzes the working principle of the noise reduction method and significantly reduces the flow pulsation and slanting. The cause of the torque ripple of the disc is made. Finally, the response frequency and pressure of the one-way valve are optimized to recover the volume of the cavity, and the effect of the noise reduction effect on the working parameters of the axial piston pump is analyzed, and the related model pump is designed.
The sixth chapter summarizes the research conclusions of the thesis, and puts forward the innovation of this doctoral dissertation on the basis, and looks forward to the future research direction of this research topic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH322;TB535

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