單主梁門式起重機(jī)的力學(xué)特性研究
本文選題:門式起重機(jī) + 靜態(tài)特性; 參考:《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:門式起重機(jī),是一種物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械,在機(jī)械制造、冶金、鋼鐵、碼頭等場(chǎng)所得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。論文以本鋼40/10t-28.3m型門式起重機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用有限單元法、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)、彈塑性力學(xué)、斷裂力學(xué)等理論,以ANSYS軟件為手段,采用數(shù)學(xué)建模和計(jì)算機(jī)仿真相結(jié)合的方法,,對(duì)起重機(jī)的靜態(tài)特性進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算與有限元分析;對(duì)起重機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了深入的研究分析;在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)起重機(jī)的疲勞壽命估計(jì)公式做了進(jìn)一步的探討。主要內(nèi)容如下: 1)門機(jī)的剛度、強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性校核。計(jì)算討論了門式起重機(jī)的基本參數(shù)、計(jì)算載荷和工作特點(diǎn)。利用材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)的知識(shí),按照《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》,對(duì)主梁的剛度、強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性和支腿的強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)計(jì)算與校核,同時(shí)對(duì)起重機(jī)的總體穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算與校核。計(jì)算出,在各種工況下,起重機(jī)主梁的受力情況和起重機(jī)的總體穩(wěn)定性狀況。 2)門機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的靜態(tài)特性分析。簡(jiǎn)述了有限元技術(shù),詳細(xì)的介紹大型有限元分析軟件ANSYS。闡述在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中ANSYS分析常用的單元類型及其對(duì)應(yīng)的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),進(jìn)而,建立門機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元計(jì)模型。利用ANSYS軟件討論門機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)在幾種典型工況下的受力情況,得出門機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的靜態(tài)變形規(guī)律及應(yīng)力分布情況,進(jìn)而與二維力學(xué)計(jì)算作對(duì)比。 3)門機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析。利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)門機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,以確定整體結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)特性和動(dòng)態(tài)剛性。再通過瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,確定門式起重機(jī)在起升沖擊荷載作用下主梁的位移隨時(shí)間變化的響應(yīng)情況,得出阻尼對(duì)于起重機(jī)振動(dòng)具有抑制作用和加載時(shí)間對(duì)于起重機(jī)系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)的影響規(guī)律。 4)門機(jī)主梁壽命估計(jì)。運(yùn)用斷裂力學(xué),對(duì)強(qiáng)度因子和疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展公式加以修正,研究了在恒幅與隨機(jī)變幅載荷作用下線彈性裂紋的擴(kuò)展情況,以及材料在小范圍屈服的情況下彈塑性裂紋的擴(kuò)展情況,推導(dǎo)出更加符合實(shí)際的剩余壽命預(yù)估公式。對(duì)于其他形式的起重機(jī)主梁的壽命預(yù)估也有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Gantry crane is a kind of material handling machinery . It is widely used in machinery manufacturing , metallurgy , steel , wharf and so on . The paper takes the 40 / 10 t - 28.3m gantry crane as the research object , uses finite element method , structural mechanics , dynamics , elastic - plastic mechanics , fracture mechanics and so on . By using ANSYS software as the means , the static characteristics of the crane are calculated and analyzed by finite element method by means of mathematical modeling and computer simulation .
The dynamic characteristics of the crane are studied deeply .
Based on the previous research results , the fatigue life estimation formula of the crane is further discussed . The main contents are as follows :
1 ) The rigidity , strength and stability of gantry crane are checked . The basic parameters , load and working characteristics of gantry crane are discussed . The rigidity , strength , stability and strength of the main beam are calculated and checked according to the design criterion of the crane . The overall stability of the crane is calculated and checked . The stress condition of the main beam and the overall stability of the crane are calculated under various working conditions .
2 ) Static characteristic analysis of the whole structure of gantry crane . The finite element technique is introduced in detail . The finite element analysis software ANSYS is introduced in detail .
3 ) The dynamic characteristics of the whole structure of gantry crane are analyzed . The integral structure of gantry crane is analyzed by ANSYS software to determine the vibration characteristics and dynamic rigidity of the whole structure . Through the transient dynamic analysis , it is determined that the displacement of the main beam under the action of lifting impact load changes with time , and the effect of damping on the vibration of crane system is obtained .
4 ) Life estimation of main beam of gantry crane . Using fracture mechanics , the strength factor and fatigue crack growth formula are modified . The expansion of elastic crack under the action of constant amplitude and random variable load is studied , and the expansion of elastic - plastic crack under the condition of small - range yield is studied .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:TH213.5
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