發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-09 14:18

  本文選題：機(jī)器視覺 + 虛擬儀器��； 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在雙列深溝球軸承裝配過程中，滾動(dòng)體缺失是最常見的質(zhì)量問題。國內(nèi)各軸承廠對(duì)滾動(dòng)體主要都依靠人工方式來檢測。這種原始的人工檢測方式有很多不可靠的因素，如工人的情緒、視覺疲勞等，容易發(fā)生漏檢和誤檢，無法有效保證軸承產(chǎn)品的合格率。機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)可以彌補(bǔ)人工檢測的不足，不僅大大節(jié)省人力，而且也可提高檢測的速度、準(zhǔn)確度，實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)與檢測同步自動(dòng)化，為軸承企業(yè)帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前，針對(duì)雙列滾動(dòng)體的視覺檢測技術(shù)研究還處在起步階段。 本文提出了一種基于機(jī)器視覺的雙列深溝球軸承滾動(dòng)體缺失檢測系統(tǒng)，用于檢測雙列深溝球軸承的滾動(dòng)體。雙列滾動(dòng)體在用傳統(tǒng)方式采集圖像時(shí)，由于表面光滑和相互干擾，缺失特征不明顯，不能用以往的視覺系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行檢測，因此本系統(tǒng)采用了新型的硬件平臺(tái)和檢測軟件。 硬件平臺(tái)包含上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)兩部分，上位機(jī)由PC計(jì)算機(jī)構(gòu)成，負(fù)責(zé)軸承圖像的處理和識(shí)別，下位機(jī)以單片機(jī)為核心，設(shè)計(jì)了專用的控制電路，負(fù)責(zé)控制分揀軸承次品等執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)雙列軸承的自動(dòng)翻轉(zhuǎn)，提高檢測的效率，還設(shè)計(jì)了翻轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)檢測完一列滾動(dòng)體，自動(dòng)翻轉(zhuǎn)雙列軸承后檢測另一列滾動(dòng)體，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)整個(gè)雙列深溝球軸承滾動(dòng)體的快速檢測。 軟件部分采用了新型的算法，利用多個(gè)同心圓來實(shí)現(xiàn)軸承中待檢區(qū)域的精確定位；然后，通過逐環(huán)掃描展開法，提取滾動(dòng)區(qū)域，，并利用面積統(tǒng)計(jì)滾動(dòng)體的數(shù)目。最后，在所提取的區(qū)域中用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)塊掃描，對(duì)缺失的位置進(jìn)行定位，再通過坐標(biāo)變換進(jìn)行顯示標(biāo)記，從而完成檢測，相比以往的機(jī)器視覺產(chǎn)品，檢測更準(zhǔn)確，性能更加可靠。 本系統(tǒng)在雙列深溝球軸承裝配線上進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場測試，可以有效地完成雙列滾動(dòng)體檢測，該系統(tǒng)具有運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，快速高效、抗干擾強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，達(dá)到系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)的要求。
[Abstract]:In the assembly process of double row deep groove ball bearings, the loss of rolling body is the most common quality problem. The shaft bearing plants in China mainly rely on manual detection of the rolling body. There are many unreliable factors in this original manual testing method, such as worker's emotion, visual fatigue and so on. It is easy to miss and misdetect, which can not effectively guarantee the qualified rate of bearing products. Machine vision technology can make up for the shortage of manual inspection. It not only saves manpower greatly, but also improves the speed and accuracy of detection, realizes the automation of production and detection synchronously, and brings considerable economic benefits to bearing enterprises. At present, the research of vision detection technology for double-row rolling body is still in its infancy. This paper presents a new system based on machine vision for detecting the scrolling body of double-row deep groove ball bearing, which can be used to detect the rolling body of double-row deep groove ball bearing. Because of the smooth surface and mutual interference, the missing feature is not obvious, so it can not be detected by the previous visual system. Therefore, the system adopts a new hardware platform and testing software. The hardware platform consists of two parts: the upper computer and the lower computer. The upper computer is composed of PC computer, which is responsible for the processing and recognition of bearing image. Designed a special control circuit, responsible for the control of sorting bearing defects and other executive agencies. In order to realize the automatic turnover of double-row bearings and improve the efficiency of detection, a turning mechanism is also designed. When the system detects one row of rollers, it automatically flips the double-row bearings and detects another row of rollers. In the software part, a new algorithm is used to realize the accurate location of the area to be detected in the bearing by using multiple concentric circles, and then the ring-by-ring scanning expansion method is used to realize the accurate location of the rolling body of the double-row deep groove ball bearing. The rolling area is extracted and the number of rolling objects is counted by the area. Finally, using standard block scanning in the extracted area, locating the missing position, then displaying and marking by coordinate transformation, the detection is completed. Compared with the previous machine vision products, the detection is more accurate. The system has been tested on the assembly line of double-row deep groove ball bearings, and can effectively complete the double-row rolling body detection. The system has the advantages of stable operation, fast and high efficiency, strong anti-interference and so on. Meet the requirements of system design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.3

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