本文選題：高壓氣動 + 充放氣�。� 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：高壓氣動系統(tǒng)功率重量比大,相對低壓系統(tǒng)剛度高,有較好的動態(tài)性能,有利于實現(xiàn)高速化和元件小型化,使氣動技術(shù)有著更廣闊的應(yīng)用空間。然而,現(xiàn)有氣動理論的研究主要是針對低壓氣動系統(tǒng),對于高壓氣動理論的研究,缺乏相應(yīng)的研究方法和完整的理論。由于高壓氣動系統(tǒng)在氣體流動特性具有不同的特點,不能簡單采用低壓氣動理論,需要從高壓氣體本質(zhì)特性上著手,進(jìn)行相應(yīng)分析。 本文對高壓氣體通過節(jié)流口的特性及固定容積容器充放氣過程進(jìn)行了理論和實驗研究,其目的在于建立相應(yīng)的高壓氣體運動模型,為高壓電—氣比例閥的研制提供理論基礎(chǔ)。 首先,運用實際氣體熱力學(xué)以及氣體動力學(xué)方程,采用范德瓦爾狀態(tài)方程對高壓氣體進(jìn)行描述,基于不同的能量關(guān)系建立了相應(yīng)的質(zhì)量流量特性方程,并與理想氣體質(zhì)量流量特性方程進(jìn)行對比分析,得到了符合實際的質(zhì)量流量特性方程。在此基礎(chǔ)上對高壓容器定容積充放氣過程進(jìn)行分析,建立了容器內(nèi)部實際氣體數(shù)學(xué)模型。對此模型進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明實際氣體充放氣過程在低壓情況下與理想氣體吻合較好,偏差較小,而隨著氣體初始壓力的增加,實際氣體模型和理想氣體模型的差異更加明顯,實際氣體模型更加符合實際情況。 其次,通過建立固定容器充放氣模型,采用有限體積法對充放氣過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。結(jié)果表明:充放氣過程中,放氣口處氣體狀態(tài)變化屬于等熵絕熱過程,并且容器內(nèi)部壓力、溫度場等基本是均勻分布,通過監(jiān)測進(jìn)出口質(zhì)量流量的變化趨勢上發(fā)現(xiàn),理論模型仿真與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果有著很好的一致性。 最后,采用國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對氣體通過節(jié)流口的流量特性進(jìn)行實驗研究,測得節(jié)流口的有效截面積及臨界壓力比,并運用止停法對容器內(nèi)氣體溫度值進(jìn)行測試計算。分析不同參數(shù)對充放氣過程的影響,并將實驗結(jié)果與高壓氣體充放氣模型仿真結(jié)果比較,容器內(nèi)壓力曲線及溫度曲線的實驗值與實際氣體模型仿真結(jié)果較符合。
[Abstract]:The high pressure pneumatic system has high power / weight ratio, high stiffness relative to low pressure system, good dynamic performance, which is helpful to realize high speed and miniaturization of components, and make pneumatic technology have wider application space. However, the existing aerodynamic theory is mainly aimed at the low-pressure pneumatic system, and the research of high-pressure pneumatic theory lacks the corresponding research method and the complete theory. Since high pressure pneumatic system has different characteristics in gas flow, it can not simply adopt low pressure pneumatic theory. It is necessary to start with the essential characteristics of high pressure gas and make corresponding analysis. In this paper, the characteristics of high pressure gas passing through throttle and the filling and discharging process of fixed volume container are studied theoretically and experimentally. The purpose of this study is to establish the corresponding model of high pressure gas movement, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of high voltage-gas proportional valve. Firstly, using the actual gas thermodynamics and gas dynamics equation, the Van der Waals equation of state is used to describe the high pressure gas, and the corresponding mass flow characteristic equation is established based on different energy relations. Compared with the ideal gas mass flow characteristic equation, the mass flow characteristic equation is obtained. On this basis, the process of constant volume gas filling and discharging of high pressure vessel is analyzed, and the actual gas mathematical model of the vessel is established. The simulation results show that the actual gas charging and discharging process is in good agreement with the ideal gas at low pressure, and the deviation is small. With the increase of the initial pressure of the gas, the difference between the actual gas model and the ideal gas model is more obvious. The actual gas model is more in line with the actual situation. Secondly, the finite volume method is used to simulate the filling and discharging process of the fixed vessel by establishing the gas filling and discharging model. The results show that the change of gas state at the outlet is isentropic adiabatic process, and the internal pressure and temperature field of the vessel are basically uniform distribution. It is found by monitoring the change trend of mass flow in the inlet and outlet. The results of theoretical model simulation and numerical simulation are in good agreement. Finally, the flow characteristics of the gas passing through the throttle are experimentally studied by using the national standard. The effective cross section area and the critical pressure ratio of the throttle are measured, and the temperature value of the gas in the vessel is measured and calculated by the stop-stop method. The effect of different parameters on the gas filling and discharging process is analyzed. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results of the high pressure gas charging and discharging model. The experimental values of the pressure curve and temperature curve in the vessel are in good agreement with the actual gas model simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH138

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