本文選題：螺栓法蘭接頭 + 加載順序�。� 參考：《華東理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以重整裝置高溫法蘭為研究對(duì)象,研究螺栓擰緊順序,穩(wěn)態(tài)及瞬態(tài)熱-固耦合,管道外載荷對(duì)法蘭接頭的強(qiáng)度及密封影響,并計(jì)算保溫結(jié)構(gòu)與不保溫結(jié)構(gòu)的能耗之差,分析保溫的重要性。 計(jì)算模型考慮材料的非線性及墊片的非線性壓縮回彈特性,全文計(jì)算以金屬纏繞型墊片為主,在外載荷計(jì)算時(shí)對(duì)比MMC墊片與纏繞式墊片的性能差別。 螺栓加載順序?yàn)轫樞蚣虞d方式以及兩種交叉加載方式,其中加載步數(shù)較多的加載方式在最后一輪加載之后應(yīng)力分布均勻。而需要較少加載步數(shù)的交叉加載方式最終應(yīng)力分布與前兩種方式的相近,但由于所需的加載步數(shù)少,具有較高的效率。直徑越大,應(yīng)力變化過(guò)程更加均勻。加載過(guò)程中螺栓發(fā)生徑向和環(huán)向彎曲。 通過(guò)計(jì)算法蘭的保溫與不保溫結(jié)構(gòu)溫度分布,根據(jù)傳熱學(xué)原理計(jì)算不同結(jié)構(gòu)的熱量損失之差,比較兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的能量損耗。得出保溫下各部件的溫度較高,保溫層外壁的溫度接近環(huán)境溫度,說(shuō)明保溫結(jié)構(gòu)合理。一個(gè)法蘭保溫結(jié)構(gòu)比不保溫結(jié)構(gòu)每年節(jié)省約30噸標(biāo)油,設(shè)計(jì)合理的保溫結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)法蘭保溫具有重要意義。保溫后應(yīng)力升高,增加了強(qiáng)度破壞的可能性,同時(shí)法蘭轉(zhuǎn)角增大,增加了泄漏的可能性。但是仍滿(mǎn)足密封要求。 瞬態(tài)耦合分析得出法蘭、螺栓、墊片的溫度變化過(guò)程各不相同。由于墊片距內(nèi)壁較近,墊片的溫度變化較早,螺栓溫度變化較晚。與加載過(guò)程相對(duì)應(yīng),法蘭接頭中各部件的應(yīng)力變化呈現(xiàn)出預(yù)緊—加壓—最大—穩(wěn)定四個(gè)關(guān)鍵位置,由于各部件的應(yīng)力變化時(shí)間和大小不盡相同,綜合作用導(dǎo)致墊片的應(yīng)力和壓縮量呈現(xiàn)降低-增大-降低-穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì)。 利用管道分析軟件CAESARⅡ和ANSYS進(jìn)行了管道中法蘭受力分析以及在外載作用下法蘭的強(qiáng)度及密封分析,得出外載荷作用后螺栓的彎曲加劇,墊片的內(nèi)側(cè)應(yīng)力減小,外側(cè)應(yīng)力增大,增加泄漏的可能性。纏繞墊法蘭受外載后轉(zhuǎn)角增大,而MMC墊片的轉(zhuǎn)角減小,說(shuō)明MMC墊片的內(nèi)外環(huán)起到了限制法蘭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the high temperature flange of reforming unit is taken as the research object, the bolt tightening sequence, steady state and transient thermal-solid coupling, the influence of pipeline load on the strength and seal of flange joint are studied, and the difference of energy consumption between insulation structure and non-insulation structure is calculated. Analyze the importance of heat preservation. The calculation model takes into account the material nonlinearity and the nonlinear compression rebound property of gasket. The full text calculation is mainly about metal wound gasket. The performance difference between MMC gasket and winding gasket is compared in the calculation of external load. The order of bolt loading is sequential loading mode and two cross loading modes, in which the loading mode with more loading steps is uniformly distributed after the last round of loading. However, the final stress distribution of the cross-loading mode which requires less loading steps is similar to that of the former two modes, but it has a high efficiency because of the small loading steps required. The larger the diameter, the more uniform the stress changes. The bolt is bent in radial and circumferential direction during loading. According to the principle of heat transfer, the difference of heat loss of different structures is calculated by calculating the temperature distribution of the insulation and non-insulation structures of the flange, and the energy loss of the two structures is compared. It is concluded that the temperature of each component is higher and the temperature of the outer wall of insulation layer is close to the ambient temperature, which indicates that the insulation structure is reasonable. A flange insulation structure saves about 30 tons of oil per year compared with the non-insulation structure. It is of great significance to design a reasonable insulation structure for flange insulation. The increase of stress increases the possibility of strength failure and the angle of flange increases, which increases the possibility of leakage. But still meet the seal requirements. Transient coupling analysis shows that the temperature variation process of flange, bolt and gasket is different. Because the gasket is close to the inner wall, the gasket temperature changes earlier and the bolt temperature changes later. Corresponding to the loading process, the stress changes of the flange joints show four key positions: pressure-maximum-stability, because the stress variation time and size of each component are different. The stress and compression of gasket show a tendency of decreasing-increasing-decreasing-stabilizing. The stress analysis of flange in pipeline and the strength and seal analysis of flange under external load are carried out by using pipeline analysis software CAESAR 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1943880