本文選題：塔式起重機(jī) + 安全監(jiān)控��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在房屋建筑工程中,能同時(shí)完成物料的垂直升降及水平移動(dòng)的起重機(jī)械種類繁多,其中應(yīng)用最廣泛的是塔式起重機(jī)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱塔機(jī))。塔機(jī)具有其它起重機(jī)械難以比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn),如塔身高,起重臂長(zhǎng),有效作業(yè)面廣,能同時(shí)進(jìn)行起升、回轉(zhuǎn)、行走、變幅等動(dòng)作,生產(chǎn)效率高。同時(shí)塔機(jī)也是一種蘊(yùn)含危險(xiǎn)因素較多、事故發(fā)生機(jī)率較高的機(jī)械設(shè)備,塔機(jī)一旦發(fā)生事故,造成的危害是不可估量的,輕則設(shè)備受損,重則機(jī)毀人亡,這給國(guó)家和人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大損失,嚴(yán)重影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。因此,對(duì)于如何加強(qiáng)塔機(jī)的安全作業(yè),受到了生產(chǎn)廠家、建筑施工單位、安全監(jiān)督部門及建設(shè)行政管理部門的高度重視。國(guó)家最新制定的GB／T5031-2008塔式起重機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),要求各類起重機(jī)械必須裝備安全保護(hù)裝置,確保塔機(jī)的作業(yè)安全。 目前,國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的一些塔機(jī)保護(hù)裝置還只停留在“四限位兩保險(xiǎn)”階段,四限位為力矩限位、超高限位、變幅限位和行走限位,兩保險(xiǎn)為吊鉤保險(xiǎn)和卷筒保險(xiǎn)。這些安全保護(hù)裝置無(wú)法完成塔機(jī)工作過(guò)程中有關(guān)參數(shù)的顯示,而且只有到達(dá)極限的情況下才報(bào)警,可靠性較低。針對(duì)上述存在的問(wèn)題,本文在分析塔機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及安全性的基礎(chǔ)上,以塔機(jī)的起吊重量、吊鉤起升高度、塔機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)角度、起重力矩、小車工作幅度以及工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)風(fēng)速等幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵工作參數(shù)為代表進(jìn)行了研究,并開(kāi)發(fā)研制出塔機(jī)工作狀態(tài)安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。 本系統(tǒng)以STC12C5A60S2單片機(jī)為處理核心,通過(guò)軸銷式起重量傳感器、增量式光電編碼器、絕對(duì)式光電編碼器、風(fēng)速傳感器完成對(duì)起吊重量、起升高度、小車變幅、回轉(zhuǎn)角度、工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)風(fēng)速等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的信號(hào)采集。它具有良好的人機(jī)界面參數(shù)設(shè)定功能及參數(shù)顯示功能,通過(guò)液晶顯示器完成對(duì)塔機(jī)工作過(guò)程中有關(guān)參數(shù)的顯示,通過(guò)鍵盤塔機(jī)操作人員可以根據(jù)塔機(jī)本身所特有的參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置或修改塔機(jī)安全作業(yè)參數(shù),通過(guò)掉電非易失數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器保存最近20次違規(guī)的工況數(shù)據(jù),為塔機(jī)監(jiān)管部門鑒別事故責(zé)任提供依據(jù)。同時(shí)本系統(tǒng)還配有光電耦合輸出接口,用以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)塔機(jī)各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的停止,當(dāng)塔機(jī)工作過(guò)程因操作失誤而引起超限超載時(shí),聲光報(bào)警電路會(huì)報(bào)警,并能自動(dòng)切斷塔機(jī)向危險(xiǎn)方向運(yùn)行的控制電路,有效地起到塔機(jī)安全監(jiān)控目的�？紤]到塔機(jī)的工作環(huán)境比較惡劣,干擾源較多,因而在硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)中,采用光電隔離技術(shù)、去耦技術(shù)、濾波技術(shù)等來(lái)提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性,在軟件設(shè)計(jì)中采用看門狗、數(shù)字濾波等措施來(lái)增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力。最后,對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的電路板進(jìn)行軟硬件調(diào)試及系統(tǒng)基本功能驗(yàn)證。 該系統(tǒng)是在傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械和電子傳感器的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合當(dāng)前數(shù)字處理技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、濾波技術(shù)而開(kāi)發(fā)的一套新型、高可靠的塔式起重機(jī)工作狀態(tài)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)具有良好的實(shí)時(shí)性、可靠性以及廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,符合塔機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)小型化、智能化的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:In the building engineering, there are many kinds of lifting machinery that can simultaneously complete the vertical and horizontal movement of the material. The most widely used tower crane is the tower crane. The tower crane has the advantages that other lifting machines can't compare with, such as tower height, long lifting arm and extensive working face, and can lift, turn and walk at the same time. At the same time, the tower crane is also a kind of mechanical equipment which contains more dangerous factors and high probability of accident. Once the tower crane accident occurs, the damage is immeasurable, the equipment is damaged and the machine is destroyed, which causes great loss to the life and property of the country and people and seriously affects the health of the economy. The development of health and social harmony and stability. Therefore, for how to strengthen the safety of the tower crane, it is highly valued by the manufacturers, construction units, safety supervision departments and construction administrative departments. The latest national standard for GB / T5031-2008 tower crane needs to be equipped with safety protection devices for all kinds of lifting machines. The operation of the pagoda machine is safe.
At present, some of the existing tower protection devices in China are still only in the "four limit two insurance" stage, the four limit is torque limit, ultra high limit, amplitude limit and walking limit, two insurance is hook insurance and drum insurance. These safety protection devices can not complete the display of the related parameters in the process of the tower mechanic, and only reach the pole. On the basis of the analysis of the above problems, based on the analysis of the structure and safety of the tower, this paper studies the key parameters such as the lifting weight of the tower, the lifting height of the hoisting hook, the angle of the tower, the lifting moment, the working range of the small car and the wind speed in the work site. A safety monitoring system for tower crane working state has been developed.
This system takes the STC12C5A60S2 single chip as the core, through the axle pin weight sensor, the incremental photoelectric encoder, the absolute photoelectric encoder, the wind speed sensor to complete the signal collection of the lifting weight, the lifting height, the size of the car, the angle of the rotation, the wind speed of the work site and so on. It has a good man-machine interface parameter set. With the function of fixed function and parameter display, the parameters of the tower machine are displayed by the LCD display. The operator can set or modify the safety operation parameters of the tower according to the special parameters of the tower machine, and save the last 20 violations of the working condition data by the power off non loss data memory. At the same time, this system provides a basis for the identification of accident responsibility of the tower supervision department. At the same time, the system also has a photoelectric coupling output interface to realize the stop of each mechanism of the tower. When the operation process of the tower is overloaded, the sound and light alarm circuit will alarm and can automatically cut off the control circuit that the tower crane runs in the dangerous direction. In the design of the hardware circuit, the photoelectric isolation technology, decoupling technology and filtering technology are used to improve the reliability of the system. In the software design, the watchdog and digital filter are adopted to enhance the anti-interference ability of the system. Finally, the software and hardware debugging of the designed circuit board and the verification of the basic functions of the system are carried out.
The system is a new set of high reliable tower crane working state monitoring system, which is based on the traditional mechanical and electronic sensors, combined with the current digital processing technology, sensor technology and filtering technology. The system has good real-time, reliability and wide application value, which conforms to the miniaturization of the tower monitoring system. The direction of intelligent development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3

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