本文選題：起重機(jī) + 方案設(shè)計(jì)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：大型起重機(jī)新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)過程極其復(fù)雜、繁瑣,包括結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、電動和電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)等。僅就結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)來說就需要考慮結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性等諸多因素,這里就必然要涉及到大量的力學(xué)計(jì)算,怎樣使起重機(jī)方案設(shè)計(jì)階段復(fù)雜的計(jì)算過程變得直觀、高效、可靠,就是本文研究的主要內(nèi)容。 起重機(jī)方案設(shè)計(jì)過程中比較傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算方法,就是依靠起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、彈性力學(xué)等基礎(chǔ)力學(xué)理論,通過對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行大量的簡化和等效來得出近似的計(jì)算結(jié)果。這種處理方法由于對結(jié)構(gòu)簡化過度,所得出的結(jié)果精度不高,并且對于結(jié)構(gòu)局部的詳細(xì)受力狀況無法體現(xiàn)。此外,受起重機(jī)工作狀態(tài)復(fù)雜多變的影響,計(jì)算中所需的參數(shù)變量也不易獲取,導(dǎo)致計(jì)算過程非常繁瑣。隨著力學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展水平的不斷提高和電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,數(shù)值計(jì)算方法以其顯著的精確性和高效性逐步取代了傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算方法在工程設(shè)計(jì)過程中的地位,其中有限單元法的應(yīng)用范圍最為廣泛,也不斷涌現(xiàn)出了一批優(yōu)秀的通用有限元計(jì)算軟件,使結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過程中的力學(xué)計(jì)算變得簡單而直觀,大大縮短了產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)周期。但是在起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域有限元方法的應(yīng)用尚處于起步階段,有很多具體問題需要研究,例如起重機(jī)臂架間連接關(guān)系的處理,起重機(jī)在遭受沖擊載荷時的動態(tài)響應(yīng)等。 ANSYS是一款優(yōu)秀的通用有限元軟件,它強(qiáng)大的求解器適合用于求解各種類型的力學(xué)模型。尤其是它的參數(shù)化語言APDL,能方便快捷地實(shí)現(xiàn)從建立物理模型到有限元分析及后處理的參數(shù)化過程,為我們最終實(shí)現(xiàn)起重機(jī)方案計(jì)算的程序化、自動化提供了很好的載體。本文在充分吸收傳統(tǒng)算法中針對相關(guān)問題求解速度快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)之上,利用APDL語言開發(fā)出起重機(jī)方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的專屬計(jì)算軟件。 本文詳細(xì)介紹了對起重機(jī)方案設(shè)計(jì)方法的研究以及計(jì)算軟件的開發(fā)過程,全文共分六章,具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章大致介紹了汽車起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,并結(jié)合起重機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠商對設(shè)計(jì)方法的要求闡述了起重機(jī)的發(fā)展方向。簡單介紹了起重機(jī)傳統(tǒng)方案計(jì)算方法的基本理論及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),提出了新的解決辦法并闡述了本文選題的工程實(shí)際意義。 第二章通過對QAY400的整車結(jié)構(gòu)以及各主要工作部件的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和工作方式進(jìn)行較為詳細(xì)的介紹,對所要進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)構(gòu)有比較透徹的了解,以便在此基礎(chǔ)上準(zhǔn)確把握各個結(jié)構(gòu)在力學(xué)分析時所應(yīng)采用的簡化方法。 第三章具體介紹了起重機(jī)各個主要部件的結(jié)構(gòu)簡化方法以及有限元模型建立的方法和過程,并通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析確定了可行的模擬方法,以確保計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。通過這些具體的工作為后續(xù)的計(jì)算過程提供了可靠的有限元模型。 第四章本章首先介紹了方案計(jì)算的目的以及它在起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)階段的重要作用,通過大量的理論介紹搞清了方案計(jì)算的過程和基本理論,為后續(xù)的方案計(jì)算自動化程序的編寫提供可靠的理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)施方案。然后通過對校核工況的計(jì)算并分析其結(jié)果,以此來考察起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案的合理性,并在設(shè)計(jì)不夠完善的環(huán)節(jié)提出修改建議。 第五章通過對起重機(jī)實(shí)際產(chǎn)品的測試驗(yàn)證了方案計(jì)算程序計(jì)算結(jié)果的正確性,為計(jì)算程序的有效性提供了具體的數(shù)據(jù)支持。 第六章對本文所做的工作做出總結(jié),闡明方案計(jì)算程序的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和尚需改進(jìn)的地方,對未來所要進(jìn)行的工作做出展望。 起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的方案計(jì)算在確定起重機(jī)的最終結(jié)構(gòu)形式中起著非常重要的作用,在起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)周期中占據(jù)著很長的時間,怎樣最大限度地節(jié)省方案計(jì)算時間,縮短產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)周期是一項(xiàng)重要的工作。本文充分利用傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算方法和有限單元法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),開發(fā)出起重機(jī)方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算軟件,為起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算提供了實(shí)用可靠的方法。
[Abstract]:The development and design process of the new product of the large crane is extremely complex and complicated , including the structural design , the design of the hydraulic system , the design of the electric and electric control system , etc . It is necessary to take into account the many factors such as strength , rigidity and stability of the structure .


The traditional calculation method is compared with the traditional calculation method in the design process of the crane , which is based on the mechanics of the crane structure , material mechanics , elasticity mechanics and other basic mechanics theories .


ANSYS is an excellent general - purpose finite element software , and its powerful solver is suitable for solving various mechanical models , especially its parameterized language APDL , which can realize the parameterized process from establishing physical model to finite element analysis and post - processing .


This paper introduces in detail the research on the design method of crane and the process of software development . The whole text is divided into six chapters . The concrete contents are as follows :


In the first chapter , the structure and development status of the crane are introduced , and the development direction of the crane is described in detail with the requirements of the crane manufacturers in the design method . The basic theory and the advantages and disadvantages of the calculation method of the traditional scheme of the crane are briefly introduced . The new solution is put forward and the practical significance of the project selection is expounded .


In the second chapter , the structure of QAY400 and the structure and working methods of main working components are introduced in detail , and the structure of the structure to be analyzed is thoroughly understood , so as to accurately grasp the simplified method to be used in the mechanical analysis of each structure .


In chapter 3 , the structure simplification method of the main parts of the crane and the method and the process of the finite element model are introduced , and the feasible simulation method is determined through a lot of experiments and theoretical analysis , so as to ensure the accuracy of the calculation results .


In chapter 4 , the purpose of the scheme calculation and its important role in the design phase of the crane are introduced in this chapter , and the process and the basic theory of the scheme calculation are introduced through a large amount of theory , which provides a reliable theoretical basis and scheme for the preparation of the subsequent scheme calculation automation program . Then , the rationality of the design of the crane is investigated by the calculation of the check working condition and the results are analyzed , and suggestions are put forward in the link of insufficient design .


In the fifth chapter , the correctness of the calculation result of the scheme is verified by testing the actual product of the crane , and the concrete data support is provided for the validity of the calculation program .


Chapter 6 summarizes the work done in this paper , illustrates the advantages of the program calculation procedure and the place to be improved , and looks forward to the work to be done in the future .


The scheme calculation of crane ' s structural design plays a very important role in determining the final structure form of the crane . It takes a long time in the design cycle of the crane , how to save the calculation time of the scheme and shorten the design period of the product is an important work . This paper makes full use of the advantages of the traditional calculation method and the finite element method , develops the design calculation software of the crane , and provides a practical and reliable method for the design calculation of the crane .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH213.6

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