本文選題：高速氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) + 隨動(dòng)緩沖　； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在一些特殊操作場合,例如高速推進(jìn),由高速氣缸構(gòu)成的氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)與其他傳動(dòng)方式相比具有不可替代的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然而,氣缸高速運(yùn)動(dòng)勢必會(huì)在行程末端產(chǎn)生不期望的沖擊力,這不僅會(huì)影響機(jī)構(gòu)的使用壽命,嚴(yán)重的會(huì)因強(qiáng)烈的碰撞導(dǎo)致推進(jìn)的易燃易爆負(fù)載產(chǎn)生燃爆而危及人身或設(shè)備安全。因此,高速氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的緩沖問題具有十分重要的研究意義。 本文為解決高速氣缸在驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),要求其活塞在行程中間任意位置停止的緩沖問題,構(gòu)建了高速氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)隨動(dòng)緩沖實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),分別通過應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)控制理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)回歸的方法建立了高速氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的隨動(dòng)緩沖控制模型,并用實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法分別驗(yàn)證了所建立的兩種模型的實(shí)際緩沖控制效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了預(yù)期的研究目標(biāo)。 論文完成的主要研究工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)為了滿足某些特定氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)際工作需要,針對(duì)氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的具體實(shí)驗(yàn)要求,通過對(duì)比多套實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,構(gòu)建了高速氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)隨動(dòng)緩沖實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),編制了隨動(dòng)緩沖控制和數(shù)據(jù)采集程序。 (2)針對(duì)高速氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)及其緩沖問題進(jìn)行了較深入的理論分析,建立了氣缸運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,提出了氣缸活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中摩擦力的計(jì)算方法,針對(duì)本文中特定氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,分階段對(duì)活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了分析,并分別用理論建模及實(shí)驗(yàn)回歸的方法建立了系統(tǒng)隨動(dòng)緩沖控制方法模型。理論建模方面,用傳統(tǒng)控制理論的方法分別求解出了活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)各階段的傳遞函數(shù),繪制了系統(tǒng)控制框圖；實(shí)驗(yàn)回歸方面,通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析建立了系統(tǒng)控制模型,并通過顯著性檢驗(yàn)和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測的方法判定了回歸模型具有較好的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 (3)通過實(shí)驗(yàn)分別驗(yàn)證了理論方法和回歸方法所建模型的正確性。實(shí)驗(yàn)中通過設(shè)置不同的負(fù)載質(zhì)量和活塞工作點(diǎn)位置,將沒有進(jìn)行任何緩沖控制時(shí)活塞及負(fù)載對(duì)限位板的沖擊力與分別采用理論控制模型和回歸控制模型進(jìn)行控制后的沖擊力進(jìn)行對(duì)比,對(duì)比結(jié)果表明,采用傳統(tǒng)控制理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)回歸的方法所建立的兩種控制模型來控制本套氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行隨動(dòng)緩沖實(shí)驗(yàn),都能極大地減小氣缸活塞對(duì)限位板的沖擊力,均達(dá)到了較好的緩沖效果。
[Abstract]:In some special operating situations, such as high speed propulsion, the pneumatic mechanism made up of high speed cylinders has irreplaceable advantages over other transmission modes. However, the high speed motion of the cylinder is bound to produce unexpected impact force at the end of the stroke. This will not only affect the service life of the mechanism, but also endanger the safety of the person or equipment due to the explosion of the propelling flammable and explosive load caused by the strong collision. Therefore, the buffer problem of high-speed pneumatic mechanism is of great significance. In order to solve the buffer problem of the high-speed cylinder which requires the piston to stop at any position in the middle of the stroke, a high-speed pneumatic mechanism servo buffer experimental platform is constructed in order to solve the problem that the high-speed cylinder is required to stop at any position in the middle of the stroke. By using the traditional control theory and the experimental regression method, the following buffer control model of the high-speed pneumatic system is established, and the actual buffer control effect of the two models is verified by the experimental method. The experimental results show that the expected research objectives have been basically achieved. The main research work of the thesis includes the following aspects: In order to meet the practical work needs of some specific pneumatic mechanism, according to the specific experimental requirements of the pneumatic mechanism, a high-speed pneumatic mechanism servo buffer experimental platform is constructed by comparing many experimental schemes. The following buffering control and data acquisition program are worked out. The mathematical model of cylinder motion is established, and the calculation method of friction force in the process of cylinder piston motion is put forward. According to the motion law of piston in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of piston are analyzed in different stages, and the model of system following buffer control is established by theoretical modeling and experimental regression method. In the aspect of theoretical modeling, the transfer function of each stage of piston motion is solved by the method of traditional control theory, and the control block diagram of the system is drawn, and the system control model is established by analyzing the experimental data in the aspect of experimental regression. The correlation of regression model was determined by significance test and experimental data prediction. 3) the correctness of the models established by the theoretical method and the regression method is verified by experiments. In the experiment, by setting different load mass and piston working point, The impact force of piston and load on the limit plate without any buffer control is compared with the impact force controlled by the theoretical control model and the regression control model respectively. The comparison results show that, The two control models established by the traditional control theory and the experimental regression method are used to control the servo and buffer experiments of the pneumatic mechanism, both of which can greatly reduce the impact force of the cylinder piston on the limit plate and achieve a better buffer effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH138.9

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