本文選題：滾動軸承 + 振動信號��； 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：振動能夠綜合反映軸承的動態(tài)性能,已成為衡量軸承加工質(zhì)量的最重要指標(biāo)之一,在軸承裝配線上通過振動檢測來保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,已經(jīng)受到軸承企業(yè)的普遍重視。然而,當(dāng)前我國軸承測振儀的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,而且功能簡單,需要依靠檢測員監(jiān)聽軸承音質(zhì)來輔助判斷軸承質(zhì)量是否合格,這種方法檢測可靠性不高且效率低下,已不能滿足軸承工業(yè)大批量生產(chǎn)的要求。 本文在深入研究軸承振動機(jī)理和測振方法的基礎(chǔ)上,采用虛擬儀器技術(shù),設(shè)計了一套由BVT-1A型軸承測振儀、NI公司的USB-6009數(shù)據(jù)采集卡、計算機(jī)和報警電路等組成的滾動軸承振動信號在線分析系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)通過USB-6009數(shù)據(jù)采集卡將BVT-1A型測振儀獲得的振動信號引入計算機(jī),然后以LabVIEW作為開發(fā)平臺設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的軟件結(jié)構(gòu),用DAQmax和LabVIEW自帶的信號處理子函數(shù)實現(xiàn)了對振動信號的采集和分析;若分析結(jié)果表明軸承振動不合格,系統(tǒng)會自動報警,而且系統(tǒng)還能夠完成數(shù)據(jù)回放、存儲、打印等功能。 另外,針對傳統(tǒng)振動信號處理方法的不足,本文采用了一些新的算法來提高振動信號分析系統(tǒng)的檢測精度,例如,在時域內(nèi),根據(jù)故障軸承振動信號表現(xiàn)的沖擊脈沖特性以及概率統(tǒng)計學(xué)上的3σ準(zhǔn)則,求得解調(diào)有效值因數(shù)和異音脈沖數(shù)兩個新參數(shù),并結(jié)合有效值來判斷軸承是否存在故障。若軸承有故障,在頻域內(nèi),通過Savitzky-Golay濾波器來降低振動信號中高頻噪聲的干擾;采用基于能量算子解調(diào)的細(xì)化包絡(luò)頻譜和倒頻譜分析法,以及組合窗STFT時頻分析方法提取出軸承振動信號中包含的故障特征頻率,與理論故障頻率對比即可判斷出故障的發(fā)生部位。 最后以裝配線上的深溝球軸承進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場測振實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)能夠快速、可靠地檢驗軸承振動質(zhì)量,而且具有升級維護(hù)方便、開發(fā)周期短、界面友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。該系統(tǒng)不僅擴(kuò)展了BVT-1A型軸承振動測量儀的功能,而且考慮到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)柔性化的需要,在軟件編制、硬件設(shè)計時根據(jù)現(xiàn)場工況要求,使一套系統(tǒng)可以對多種型號的軸承進(jìn)行檢測。
[Abstract]:Vibration can comprehensively reflect the dynamic performance of bearing, and it has become one of the most important indexes to measure the machining quality of bearing. In the assembly line of bearing, the product quality can be guaranteed by vibration detection, which has been paid more and more attention by bearing enterprises. However, at present, the structure of bearing vibration measuring instrument in our country is complex, and its function is simple, so it is necessary to rely on the monitor to monitor the sound quality of bearing to judge whether the bearing quality is up to standard. This method has low reliability and low efficiency. Can not meet the bearing industry mass production requirements. Based on the deep study of bearing vibration mechanism and vibration measurement method, a set of USB-6009 data acquisition card by BVT-1A bearing vibration measuring instrument and NI company is designed by using virtual instrument technology in this paper. The on-line analysis system of rolling bearing vibration signal is composed of computer and alarm circuit. Through USB-6009 data acquisition card, the vibration signal obtained by BVT-1A vibration measuring instrument is introduced into the computer, and then the software structure of the system is designed with LabVIEW as the development platform. The signal processing sub-function of DAQmax and LabVIEW is used to collect and analyze the vibration signal. If the analysis results show that the bearing vibration is not up to standard, the system will alarm automatically, and the system can also complete the functions of data playback, storage, printing and so on. In addition, in view of the shortcomings of the traditional vibration signal processing methods, this paper adopts some new algorithms to improve the detection accuracy of the vibration signal analysis system, for example, in the time domain, According to the impulse characteristic of the vibration signal of the fault bearing and the 3 蟽 criterion of probability and statistics, two new parameters of demodulation RMS factor and abnormal pulse number are obtained, and the RMS value is combined to judge whether the bearing has fault or not. In the frequency domain, the Savitzky-Golay filter is used to reduce the interference of the high frequency noise in the vibration signal if the bearing is out of order, and the detailed envelope spectrum and cepstrum analysis method based on the energy operator demodulation is used. The fault characteristic frequency of bearing vibration signal is extracted by the combined window STFT time-frequency analysis method, and the fault location can be determined by comparing with the theoretical fault frequency. Finally, the field vibration measurement experiment was carried out with the deep groove ball bearing on the assembly line. The experimental results show that the system can test the bearing vibration quality quickly and reliably, and has the advantages of easy to upgrade and maintenance, short development period, friendly interface and so on. The system not only extends the function of BVT-1A bearing vibration measuring instrument, but also takes into account the need of flexibility in industrial production. According to the requirements of field working conditions, a set of system can be used to detect various types of bearings in the design of software and hardware.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH133.33

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本文編號：1852822