本文選題：橋式起重機(jī) + 事故樹��； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的規(guī)模不斷朝著大型化、專業(yè)化、集成化方向發(fā)展。作為現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)不可或缺的輔助工具,起重機(jī)的需求量越來越大,對其工作以及性能的安全性要求也越來越高。作為一種重要的起重機(jī)類型,橋式起重機(jī)的主要承重金屬結(jié)構(gòu)是主梁,其常見的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是焊接箱型梁結(jié)構(gòu)。主梁包含成百上千條焊縫,常常由于焊接不良等缺陷導(dǎo)致焊縫周圍萌生裂紋,疲勞裂紋的擴(kuò)展就決定主梁的疲勞壽命。因此,根據(jù)斷裂力學(xué)相關(guān)理論研究主梁的疲勞裂紋在擴(kuò)展過程中的規(guī)律,并對在役橋式起重機(jī)的壽命進(jìn)行合理估算,對防止橋式起重機(jī)失效的發(fā)生,指導(dǎo)其設(shè)計、制造、使用、檢驗及管理等有顯著意義。針對橋式起重機(jī),本文的主要工作如下： 1、在充分調(diào)研橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、使用維護(hù)制度、檢驗檢測規(guī)范及安全事故等基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)事故樹分析法,綜合考慮人(人員)、機(jī)(起重機(jī))、環(huán)(環(huán)境)、管(管理)等因素,建立以橋架坍塌為頂事件的事故樹。通過定性分析與定量分析,歸納出橋式起重機(jī)橋架失效的主要原因,并提出避免事故發(fā)生的有效措施。 2、利用ANS YS有限元軟件對型號為QL10+10T×16.5m的橋式起重機(jī)主梁進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)模擬計算,找到了主梁應(yīng)力較大的危險部位；并以此為母模型,建立三了種疲勞裂紋的子模型,對危險部位的裂紋進(jìn)行模擬計算,得到了應(yīng)力強度因子在裂紋擴(kuò)展過程中的變化規(guī)律,進(jìn)一步計算了裂紋的擴(kuò)展壽命,繪制出疲勞壽命曲線。 3、為了全面掌握起重機(jī)的安全狀況,對橋式起重機(jī)整機(jī)進(jìn)行安全性評價。本文利用層次分析法進(jìn)行構(gòu)權(quán),采取模糊綜合評判法對橋式起重機(jī)進(jìn)行安全性評價,得到整機(jī)的安全評價值。根據(jù)危險等級對起重機(jī)制定相應(yīng)的維修及維護(hù)計劃,實現(xiàn)完整性管理。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the scale of industrial production continues to develop in the direction of large scale, specialization and integration.As an indispensable auxiliary tool for modern production, the demand for cranes is increasing, and the safety requirements for their work and performance are becoming higher and higher.As an important type of crane, the main load-bearing metal structure of bridge crane is the main beam, and the common structure form is welded box girder structure.The main beam contains hundreds of welds, which often lead to crack initiation around the weld due to defects such as poor welding, and fatigue crack propagation determines the fatigue life of the main beam.Therefore, according to the relevant theory of fracture mechanics, the law of fatigue crack propagation of main girder is studied, and the life of bridge crane in service is estimated reasonably, so as to prevent the failure of bridge crane, guide its design, manufacture and use.Inspection and management have significant significance.The main work of this paper is as follows:1. On the basis of investigating the design standard of bridge crane, using maintenance system, checking and detecting criterion and safety accident, according to accident tree analysis,The accident tree with bridge collapse as its top event is established by taking into account the factors such as human (personnel), machine (crane), ring (environment, management) and so on.Through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the main causes of bridge frame failure of bridge crane are summarized, and effective measures to avoid accidents are put forward.2. By using ANS YS finite element software, the static simulation of the main girder of the bridge crane named QL10 10T 脳 16.5m is carried out, and the dangerous part of the main girder is found out, and the sub-model of three kinds of fatigue crack is established based on the model.The variation of stress intensity factor in the process of crack growth is obtained by simulating and calculating the crack in dangerous position. The crack propagation life is further calculated and the fatigue life curve is drawn.3. In order to grasp the safety condition of crane, the safety evaluation of bridge crane is carried out.In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to evaluate the safety of the bridge crane and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the safety of the crane.Make corresponding maintenance and maintenance plan for crane according to hazard level, realize integrity management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH215

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本文編號：1757553