本文選題：研發(fā)項目進度計劃 + 工作分解結構　； 參考：《山東大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：全球化競爭的日益加劇對機械制造企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)效率提出了越來越高的要求,如何縮短產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的項目周期,加快新產(chǎn)品的上市時間,成為企業(yè)亟待解決的難題。目前企業(yè)中大約有70%的研發(fā)項目不能按時完成,使新產(chǎn)品無法按預定計劃上市,錯失了新產(chǎn)品在市場中的先機。導致此問題的根本原因之一是在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目管理的過程中,項目的進度計劃通常由項目管理人員憑經(jīng)驗制定,任務分解的主觀性強,任務間的耦合迭代被忽視,使任務的邏輯順序、任務的工時估算等不準確,導致在實際執(zhí)行過程中出現(xiàn)設計任務過度迭代、資源沖突、任務拖期等問題,計劃的可執(zhí)行性差,最終導致項目拖期。在機械制造企業(yè)中75%的設計活動是基于實例的設計,也就是說,多數(shù)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目是基于變型設計開展的。對基于變型設計的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目,在其開展之前,為進度計劃的制定提供依據(jù)的產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)過程、產(chǎn)品結構的基本構成、零部件設計的技能需求等信息是已知的。因此,本文重點研究基于產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過程、產(chǎn)品結構樹等數(shù)據(jù)和信息編制機械產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目進度計劃的方法,使進度計劃更科學,更符合產(chǎn)品研發(fā)實際,提高計劃的可執(zhí)行性。 在機械產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目中,產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過程、產(chǎn)品結構和交付物是工作分解結構(Work Breakdown Structure, WBS)中任務分解的依據(jù),基于此構建了產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的WBS分解模型,提出了具體的研發(fā)任務分解過程和研發(fā)任務的標識制定規(guī)則。根據(jù)產(chǎn)品結構樹層次性和復雜性的特點,研究了基于產(chǎn)品結構樹的零部件研發(fā)任務的分解方法,制定了零部件和任務之間的一系列映射規(guī)則,構建了映射的數(shù)學模型和映射算法的流程,實現(xiàn)了基于產(chǎn)品結構樹的WBS自動分解,提高了研發(fā)項目任務分解的規(guī)范化、準確性和分解效率。 為清晰的描述和方便的分析研發(fā)項目中任務之間的信息交互關系,結合WBS分層的特點,提出了基于分層設計結構矩陣的建模方法,實現(xiàn)了WBS中任意層次、任意部分研發(fā)任務對應設計結構矩陣模型的構建,以及模型隨任務的逐層分解不斷擴展,降低了模型的構建難度,同時提高了模型的構建效率。在分層設計結構矩陣建模的基礎上,重點研究了耦合任務集的規(guī)劃排序,提出了基于可達矩陣的耦合任務集識別方法,研究了基于聚類分析法的耦合任務合并重組策略,構建了基于數(shù)量依賴和信息依賴雙次序指標的耦合任務集割裂算法,實現(xiàn)了耦合任務的規(guī)劃排序。 為解決研發(fā)項目中的耦合任務貧信息、小樣本事件、不確定性的工時預測問題,結合耦合任務集工時的離散型和振蕩性等特點提出了基于振幅壓縮灰色預測模型的耦合任務集工時預測方法。采用了平滑性算子對振蕩序列進行平滑性處理運算,推導構建了振蕩序列的離散灰色預測DGM(1,1)模型,建立了耦合任務集工時灰色模擬預測的過程步驟。此工時灰色預測方法有效的減少了耦合任務集工時估算過程中灰因素的影響,提高了工時估算的準確性。 在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項目中任務間的時序優(yōu)先關系是廣義優(yōu)先關系(generalized precedence relations, GPRs),即任務間存在開始-開始、開始-結束、結束-開始、結束-結束四種時序優(yōu)先關系,且每種時序優(yōu)先關系包含有最�。畲髸r滯要求�；诖搜芯苛丝紤]研發(fā)任務間GPRs下的多模式柔性資源受限項目調(diào)度問題,分析了廣義優(yōu)先關系條件下任務開始時間對應的時間窗,構建了GPRs下多模式柔性資源受限項目調(diào)度問題的數(shù)學模型,使用遺傳算法對其進行求解,提出了相應的編碼和解碼方法,確定了項目任務的開始／結束時間、執(zhí)行模式、資源分配方案,完成了對進度計劃的編制,獲得了最終可執(zhí)行的總工期最短的項目進度計劃。 在前面理論研究的基礎上,分析了研發(fā)項目進度計劃管理的業(yè)務流程,擴展了產(chǎn)品全生命周期管理系統(tǒng)的體系架構,開發(fā)實現(xiàn)了項目進度計劃管理的主要功能模塊,并在某企業(yè)的海上風力發(fā)電機組研發(fā)項目中成功實施應用。
[Abstract]:In the process of product R & D project management , about 70 % of R & D projects in enterprises can ' t be completed on time .

In the research and development project of mechanical products , the product R & D process , product structure and deliverables are the basis of task decomposition in the Work Breakdown Structure ( WBS ) . Based on this , the WBS decomposition model of product R & D task is constructed . A series of mapping rules between components and tasks is proposed . Based on the hierarchy and complexity of the product structure tree , a series of mapping rules between components and tasks is developed .

This paper presents a modeling method based on hierarchical design structure matrix for the clear description and convenient analysis and development of the information interaction between tasks in the research and development project . Based on the layered design structure matrix modeling , the construction difficulty of the model is realized , and the construction efficiency of the model is improved . Based on the hierarchical design structure matrix modeling , the coupling task set identification method based on the clustering analysis method is studied , and the coupling task set splitting algorithm based on the quantitative dependence and the information dependency double order index is constructed , and the planning and ordering of the coupling tasks is realized .

In order to solve the problem of coupling task poverty information , small sample event and uncertain working hour forecast in R & D project , a method for predicting the time of coupling task set based on the gray prediction model of amplitude compression is presented in this paper . The smoothing operator is used to perform smoothing processing on the oscillation sequence . The discrete gray prediction DGM ( 1,1 ) model of the oscillation sequence is derived , and the process steps of the coupling task set man - hour grey simulation prediction are derived . This method effectively reduces the influence of the grey factor in the process of coupling task set man - hour estimation , and improves the accuracy of man - hour estimation .

The timing priority relationship among tasks in product R & D project is generalized precedence relations ( GPRS ) , that is , the start - to - end , end - end , end - start , end - end four timing priorities , and each timing priority relationship contains the minimum / maximum time lag requirement . Based on this research , a mathematical model for scheduling problem of multi - mode flexible resource constrained project under the condition of generalized precedence relation is analyzed .

Based on the previous research , the business process of the project schedule management is analyzed , the system architecture of the product lifecycle management system is expanded , the main function modules of the project schedule management are realized , and the application is successfully implemented in the research and development project of offshore wind generating set of an enterprise .

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH186

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本文編號：1746815