本文選題：等效摩擦力矩　切入點：磁力軸承　出處：《武漢理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：摩擦存在于人們的生產(chǎn)、生活各個方面,在人類的文明建設(shè)中它有著十分重要的作用。在機械工程領(lǐng)域內(nèi),人類研究摩擦除了利用摩擦外,最重要的還是研究避免摩擦,減少磨損,最大限度地發(fā)揮機械效能。 磁力軸承具有非接觸、無磨損、無須潤滑、適合高速運動等特點,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。盡管如此,磁力軸承雖無機械摩擦,但仍存在“電磁摩擦”和“氣體摩擦”。這種“摩擦”的特點體現(xiàn)在能量的損耗和對運動的阻力方面,因而可類似于機械的摩擦。 本文首先在對磁力軸承工作原理及發(fā)展歷程做簡要介紹后,將從磁懸浮轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡的角度分析研究磁懸浮支承條件下的摩擦學問題,同時也會從傳統(tǒng)摩擦角度對磁力軸承摩擦特性做相關(guān)定義。其次,借助Ansys軟件,以徑向磁力軸承為對象,對旋轉(zhuǎn)電磁場進行有限元分析,得到轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速變化對磁場分布以及氣隙磁通密度大小的影響規(guī)律。然后,按照等效摩擦力以及力矩的定義,建立起轉(zhuǎn)子自由減速時的轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡方程。接著,進行五自由度磁懸浮轉(zhuǎn)子rundown實驗,獲取了轉(zhuǎn)子自由減速的規(guī)律以及轉(zhuǎn)子減速的實測值,求得了不同轉(zhuǎn)速下的等效摩擦力矩變化規(guī)律。 從結(jié)果來看,磁力軸承等效摩擦力矩及等效摩擦力的大小與速度有關(guān),表現(xiàn)為隨轉(zhuǎn)速的升高而升高,其升高趨勢逐漸減弱。從磁場角度解釋為：當轉(zhuǎn)子從靜止到開始轉(zhuǎn)動時,其切割磁力線的數(shù)量逐漸增加,渦流損耗以及磁滯損耗也逐漸增大,電磁阻力相應(yīng)增大；由于材料有電阻,當轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速升到某一數(shù)值時,轉(zhuǎn)子表面渦流達到一恒定值,速度再增加時對其影響明顯減小,導(dǎo)致其等效摩擦力矩及等效摩擦力有升高并且升高趨勢逐漸減弱的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Friction exists in all aspects of people's production and life and plays an important role in the construction of human civilization.In the field of mechanical engineering, in addition to the use of friction, the most important research is to avoid friction, reduce wear, and maximize mechanical efficiency.Magnetic bearing has the characteristics of non-contact, no wear, no lubrication, suitable for high-speed movement, and has a wide application prospect.However, magnetic bearings do not have mechanical friction, but there are still electromagnetic friction and gas friction.This kind of "friction" is characterized by energy loss and resistance to motion, so it can be similar to mechanical friction.After a brief introduction of the working principle and development history of the magnetic bearing, the tribological problem under the condition of the magnetic suspension bearing will be analyzed and studied from the angle of the torque balance of the magnetic suspension rotor.At the same time, the friction characteristics of magnetic bearings are defined from the traditional friction angle.Secondly, with the help of Ansys software and taking radial magnetic bearing as the object, the finite element analysis of rotating electromagnetic field is carried out, and the influence of rotor speed on the magnetic field distribution and the flux density of air gap is obtained.Then, according to the definition of equivalent friction force and torque, the torque balance equation of rotor free deceleration is established.Then, the rundown experiment of magnetic levitation rotor with five degrees of freedom is carried out, and the law of rotor free deceleration and the measured value of rotor deceleration are obtained, and the law of equivalent friction torque under different rotational speeds is obtained.The results show that the equivalent friction torque and the equivalent friction force of the magnetic bearing are related to the speed, which increases with the increase of the rotational speed and decreases gradually.From the magnetic field point of view, when the rotor moves from rest to rotation, the number of cutting magnetic lines increases gradually, the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss increase gradually, and the electromagnetic resistance increases accordingly.When the rotor speed rises to a certain value, the eddy current on the rotor surface reaches a constant value, and the influence on the rotor surface vortex reaches a constant value when the rotor speed increases, which leads to the increase of the equivalent friction torque and the equivalent friction force and the decrease of the increasing trend.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH133.3

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