本文選題：離心泵　切入點(diǎn)：內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：雙吸離心泵廣泛應(yīng)用于灌溉工程、城市給排水、跨流域調(diào)水等領(lǐng)域,是一種重要的水力機(jī)械。它的葉輪是由兩個(gè)背靠背的葉輪組合而成,在同樣的葉輪外徑下,其流量可增大一倍。雙吸泵的形狀對(duì)稱(chēng),兩側(cè)的軸向力互相抵消,平衡性比較好,由于采用中開(kāi)結(jié)構(gòu),可以打開(kāi)泵蓋檢修泵內(nèi)各零件,檢修極為方便。而且這種泵的耐氣蝕性能也比較好,但在運(yùn)行中常出現(xiàn)一些故障,如泵軸與軸套接觸的表面以及軸套端面等處發(fā)生疲勞破壞,從泵啟動(dòng)到打開(kāi)出口閥門(mén)之間密封環(huán)常發(fā)生抱軸現(xiàn)象,泵體密封環(huán)和葉輪密封環(huán)粘接,必須加大密封環(huán)間隙才能正常啟動(dòng).而密封環(huán)間隙加大就會(huì)降低容積效率,影響泵站的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行。這些問(wèn)題在大型泵站運(yùn)行時(shí)有發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重影響泵站的安全正常運(yùn)行,需要從根本上加以解決。 通過(guò)分析離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子的振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象發(fā)現(xiàn),離心泵工況變化會(huì)造成泵內(nèi)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)改變,葉輪所受載荷周向分布不均,因此在葉輪徑向產(chǎn)生徑向力,引起振動(dòng)及噪聲.葉輪上的徑向力可分為穩(wěn)態(tài)作用力和瞬態(tài)作用力,其中穩(wěn)態(tài)力作用于葉輪轉(zhuǎn)子上會(huì)使葉輪出現(xiàn)偏心,瞬態(tài)力會(huì)引起離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子的振動(dòng)。因此,研究葉輪的穩(wěn)態(tài)和瞬態(tài)作用力是非常有必要的。本文提出了數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算離心泵穩(wěn)態(tài)和瞬態(tài)作用力的方法,建立了葉輪徑向力的計(jì)算模型。以1200S56型泵為例,應(yīng)用Fluent軟件分別對(duì)離心泵不同流量下的內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了三維穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬,給出了吸水室、葉輪和壓水室靜壓和速度的分布規(guī)律,應(yīng)用流體對(duì)葉輪作用力計(jì)算模型,計(jì)算了在不同工況下的穩(wěn)態(tài)作用力.又對(duì)離心泵的內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)在0.6Q流量下進(jìn)行了三維非穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬,得出了瞬態(tài)作用力分量Fy、Fz隨時(shí)間t周期變化的曲線。本文的主要研究成果如下: 1.在輸送清水時(shí),雙吸離心泵葉輪從進(jìn)口到出口,壓力經(jīng)歷了先降低后升高的過(guò)程,相同半徑處,葉片工作面壓力較背面壓力高;雙吸離心泵葉輪從進(jìn)口至出口,速度逐漸增加,相同半徑處,速度從葉片背面到葉片工作面逐漸減小。葉輪速度場(chǎng)、壓力場(chǎng)有輕微分布不均現(xiàn)象,這與采用半螺旋型吸水室的雙吸離心泵特殊結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。 2.穩(wěn)態(tài)作用力在不同工況下的計(jì)算值變化趨勢(shì)跟實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,離心泵偏離設(shè)計(jì)工況時(shí)穩(wěn)態(tài)作用力會(huì)顯著增加;在0.6Q流量下,瞬態(tài)徑向力分量隨時(shí)間周期變化的曲線分別為近似余弦、正弦曲線。 3.應(yīng)用ANSYS Workbench對(duì)雙吸離心泵葉輪轉(zhuǎn)子進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,并得到其1~6階模態(tài)振動(dòng)頻率。
[Abstract]:Double suction centrifugal pump is widely used in irrigation works, city water supply and drainage, inter basin water transfer and other fields, is a kind of important hydraulic machinery. It is composed of a combination of two impeller impeller back into the same impeller diameter, the flow rate can be doubled. The shape of the said double suction pump the axial force, on both sides of the offset balance is better, because the open structure, can open the pump cover parts of pump maintenance, maintenance is convenient. And the corrosion performance of the pump is relatively good, but in the operation often appear some faults such as the pump shaft and the shaft sleeve of the contact surface and the sleeve at the end of fatigue failure, open the outlet valve between the sealing ring axle phenomenon often occurs from the start to the pump, pump seal ring and impeller sealing ring bonding, must increase the clearance of seal ring can be normally started. And the seal ring will reduce the gap to increase volumetric efficiency. The economic operation of the pumping station. These problems occur during the operation of large pumping stations, which seriously affect the safe and normal operation of the pumping stations, and need to be fundamentally solved.
Through the analysis of the phenomenon of vibration of rotor in centrifugal pump, centrifugal pump working condition will cause the change the flow structure in the pump impeller circumferential load distribution is uneven, resulting in radial impeller radial force, causing vibration and noise. The radial force on the impeller can be divided into steady-state and transient force force, the force acting on the steady state the impeller rotor makes the impeller eccentric, transient force will cause the vibration of centrifugal pump rotor. Therefore, steady-state and transient force of the impeller is very necessary. This paper presents a numerical simulation method for calculating steady-state and transient force of centrifugal pump, impeller radial force calculation model was established. Using 1200S56 type pump an example, using Fluent software respectively, the 3-dimensional simulation of the internal flow field of centrifugal pump under different flow, gives the distribution of suction chamber, impeller and volute velocity and static pressure should be. The calculation model of the impeller with fluid force, steady force under different conditions were calculated. And the internal flow field of centrifugal pump in 0.6Q flow was numerically simulated the unsteady three-dimensional, the transient force components Fy, Fz changes with the time of the T cycle curve. In this paper, the main research results are as follows:
1. in the transport of water, double suction centrifugal pump impeller from inlet to outlet pressure, undergoes a process of first decreased and then increased, the same radius, the blade pressure is high back pressure; double suction centrifugal pump impeller from the inlet to the outlet, the speed gradually increased, the same radius, speed from the back of the blade to blade the working surface decreases gradually. The impeller velocity field, pressure field slightly uneven distribution of the phenomenon, and the semi spiral suction chamber of double suction centrifugal pump with special structure.
The calculation of 2. steady state force in different conditions the value changes with experimental data are basically the same, the centrifugal pump off design conditions of steady state force will increase significantly; in the flow of 0.6Q, transient radial force components change with time cycle curve respectively approximate cosine, sine curve.
3. the modal analysis of the impeller rotor of a double suction centrifugal pump is carried out by using ANSYS Workbench, and the modal vibration frequency of its 1~6 order is obtained.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH311

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