本文選題：金屬磁記憶　切入點(diǎn)：有限元　出處：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)具有傳動(dòng)比穩(wěn)定、承載能力大、機(jī)械效率高、使用壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)，使它成為機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種傳動(dòng)裝置。而單齒缺陷特別是蠕變損傷引起的疲勞裂紋是齒輪傳動(dòng)故障的重要原因。目前在齒輪故障檢測(cè)與診斷中，最常見的是振動(dòng)檢測(cè)法，由于振動(dòng)信號(hào)只能檢測(cè)宏觀缺陷，難以對(duì)由應(yīng)力集中導(dǎo)致的疲勞損傷區(qū)域進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。而基于磁記憶原理的無損檢測(cè)方法，能有效對(duì)應(yīng)力集中區(qū)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，從而達(dá)到定位損傷區(qū)域，進(jìn)行故障預(yù)測(cè)的目的。本文從磁記憶檢測(cè)機(jī)理出發(fā)，分別建立了帶磁偶極子模型和力磁耦合模型，并結(jié)合這兩種模型實(shí)現(xiàn)了從簡(jiǎn)單平板結(jié)構(gòu)的模型到復(fù)雜齒輪模型的磁記憶現(xiàn)象仿真，并通過齒輪彎曲疲勞試驗(yàn)，對(duì)齒輪在彎曲疲勞載荷作用下的失效過程和磁記憶現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析。主要內(nèi)容如下： （1）概述了磁記憶現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的理論基礎(chǔ)，從物質(zhì)的磁性出發(fā)，建立了帶磁偶極子和力磁耦合兩種不同的理論模型，并提出磁記憶特征的產(chǎn)生是兩種模型共同作用的結(jié)果，但起主導(dǎo)作用的模型因缺陷類型的不同而有所差別，為有限元仿真和試驗(yàn)方案的設(shè)計(jì)提供重要的理論依據(jù)。 （2）分別建立了裂紋和早期疲勞損傷兩種不同類型缺陷的鋼平板模型，，利用有限元的方法，并分別結(jié)合帶磁偶極子模型和力磁耦合模型對(duì)構(gòu)件的磁記憶特征進(jìn)行分析，得到兩種不同缺陷類型下的磁記憶特征信號(hào)仿真，分析了不同缺陷參數(shù)下漏磁信號(hào)的變化規(guī)律。 （3）利用Solidworks軟件建立了齒輪的三維有限元模型，采用有限元方法對(duì)齒輪在彎曲應(yīng)力作用下和齒輪嚙合狀態(tài)過程中的應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了分析，并基于力磁耦合模型，對(duì)齒輪周圍的漏磁信號(hào)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真，得到了齒輪損傷時(shí)漏磁信號(hào)的磁記憶特征。 （4）構(gòu)建齒輪彎曲疲勞試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，研究齒輪在彎曲疲勞載荷下的失效過程和磁記憶信號(hào)變化特征。并對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，提取了齒輪彎曲疲勞失效的磁記憶信號(hào)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則，提出將齒頂法向漏磁場(chǎng)的均值和梯度最大值作為特征參數(shù)進(jìn)行失效判別。以上研究結(jié)果對(duì)磁記憶技術(shù)在齒輪疲勞損傷早期檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用提供了有益的參考。
[Abstract]:The gear mechanism has the characteristics of stable transmission ratio, large bearing capacity, high mechanical efficiency, long service life, etc. The fatigue crack caused by single tooth defect, especially creep damage, is an important reason for gear transmission failure. At present, vibration detection is the most common method in gear fault detection and diagnosis. Because the vibration signal can only detect macroscopic defects, it is difficult to detect the fatigue damage area caused by stress concentration, while the nondestructive testing method based on magnetic memory principle can effectively detect the stress concentration zone. In order to locate the damage area and predict the fault, starting from the mechanism of magnetic memory detection, the magnetic dipole model and the magneto-magnetic coupling model are established in this paper. Combined with these two models, the magnetic memory phenomena from simple plate structure model to complex gear model are simulated, and the gear bending fatigue test is carried out. The failure process and magnetic memory of gear under bending fatigue load are analyzed. The main contents are as follows:. In this paper, the theoretical basis of magnetic memory phenomenon is summarized, and two different theoretical models of magnetic dipole and mechanomagnetic coupling are established from the point of view of the magnetic properties of matter, and it is proposed that the generation of magnetic memory characteristics is the result of the joint action of the two models. However, the dominant models differ from each other according to the types of defects, which provide an important theoretical basis for the design of finite element simulation and test schemes. In this paper, two kinds of steel plate models of crack and early fatigue damage are established, and the magnetic memory characteristics of the members are analyzed by using the finite element method, combining the magnetic dipole model with magnetic dipole model and the magneto-magnetic coupling model, respectively. The simulation of magnetic memory characteristic signals with two different defect types is obtained, and the variation of magnetic flux leakage signals with different defect parameters is analyzed. The three-dimensional finite element model of gear is established by using Solidworks software. The stress of gear under bending stress and gear meshing state is analyzed by finite element method, and based on the coupling model of force and magnetic field. The magnetic memory characteristics of magnetic leakage signals are obtained by numerical simulation of magnetic leakage signals around gears. In this paper, a gear bending fatigue test platform is constructed to study the failure process and magnetic memory signal change characteristics of gear under bending fatigue load. The test data are analyzed, and the evaluation criteria of magnetic memory signal for gear bending fatigue failure are extracted. The mean value and the maximum gradient of the normal leakage magnetic field at the top of the tooth are used as the characteristic parameters to distinguish the failure. The above results provide a useful reference for the application of magnetic memory technology in the early detection of gear fatigue damage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41;TG115.284

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