本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：相似關(guān)系　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)作為旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的核心部件,其動(dòng)力學(xué)特性決定著旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的工作性能和可靠程度。在對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)特性的研究中,除了基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的解析計(jì)算與計(jì)算機(jī)仿真外,模型實(shí)驗(yàn)同樣是必不可少的一部分。模型實(shí)驗(yàn)可以避免原型實(shí)驗(yàn)所帶來(lái)的高成本、高難度等諸多不利因素,同時(shí)為了使模型能更好的復(fù)現(xiàn)原型的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,本文對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)相似模型設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了研究。 本文首先結(jié)合描述轉(zhuǎn)軸和彈性支承運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的微分方程,運(yùn)用積分模擬法推導(dǎo)出轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)相似關(guān)系表達(dá)式,并利用有限元仿真驗(yàn)證了相似關(guān)系在固有頻率、模態(tài)振型以及臨界轉(zhuǎn)速方面的準(zhǔn)確性。針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)模型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),支承剛度可能會(huì)不完全相似的情況,提出了一種使模型固有頻率相對(duì)誤差在10%范圍內(nèi)的支承剛度許用區(qū)間設(shè)計(jì)方法,并驗(yàn)證了該方法的正確性。本文驗(yàn)證了轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)相似關(guān)系在能量分布方面的適用性,并將支承剛度許用區(qū)間設(shè)計(jì)方法運(yùn)用到能量分布的不完全相似模型設(shè)計(jì)中,并驗(yàn)證了其可行性。在分析過(guò)程中還發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)變能分布和總能量分布相對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)軸能量分布對(duì)支承剛度的變化更為敏感。最后針對(duì)原型轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),利用轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)相似關(guān)系,結(jié)合支承剛度許用區(qū)間設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)了模型轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),分別對(duì)原型系統(tǒng)和模型系統(tǒng)的固有頻率、模態(tài)振型以及臨界轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果既證明了轉(zhuǎn)子-支承系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)相似關(guān)系的準(zhǔn)確性,也證明了提出的支承剛度許用區(qū)間設(shè)計(jì)方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:As the core component of rotating machinery, the dynamic characteristics of rotor-bearing system determine the working performance and reliability of rotating machinery. In addition to analytical calculation based on mathematical model and computer simulation, model experiment is also an essential part. Model experiment can avoid many disadvantages such as high cost, high difficulty and so on brought by prototype experiment. At the same time, in order to make the model better to reproduce the dynamic characteristics of the prototype, the dynamic similarity model design method of rotor-bearing system is studied in this paper. In this paper, the dynamic similarity expression of rotor-bearing system is derived by using the integral simulation method combined with the differential equation describing the motion state of rotary shaft and elastic support, and the similarity relation in natural frequency is verified by finite element simulation. The accuracy of modal mode and critical speed. In the case of rotor-support system model design, the stiffness of the support may not be completely similar. A design method of allowable interval of support stiffness with relative error of natural frequency in the range of 10% is proposed. In this paper, the applicability of the dynamic similarity relation of rotor-bearing system in energy distribution is verified, and the allowable interval design method of support stiffness is applied to the design of incomplete similarity model of energy distribution. It is also found that the strain energy distribution and the total energy distribution are more sensitive to the change of the support stiffness than the rotational shaft energy distribution. Based on the dynamic similarity of rotor-bearing system and the allowable interval design method of supporting stiffness, the model rotor test bench is designed. The natural frequency, modal mode and critical speed of the prototype system and the model system are tested respectively. The experimental results not only prove the accuracy of the dynamic similarity relation of rotor-bearing system, but also prove the feasibility of the proposed design method of allowable interval of supporting stiffness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH113

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