本文選題：渦旋壓縮機　切入點：虛擬建模　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：渦旋壓縮機作為一種新型、節(jié)能、高效、低噪、省材的容積式流體機械,與其它類型壓縮機相比較具有不可替代的優(yōu)越性,已廣泛應用于空調(diào)制冷、動力工程等領域。目前逐漸向大氣量、大功率的方向發(fā)展,應用領域也隨之擴大。隨著石油化工的發(fā)展,壓力能的應用日趨廣泛,使得渦旋壓縮機在國民經(jīng)濟的各個部門成為必不可少的關鍵設備之一。隨著計算機技術的發(fā)展和加工制造技術的提高,渦旋壓縮機的應用領域得到更為廣闊的發(fā)展。由于渦旋壓縮機特殊的工作原理及結(jié)構(gòu)特點,其潛在的優(yōu)勢并沒有完全被挖掘出來。因此,研制與開發(fā)高性能的渦旋壓縮機具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義。本文依托國家自然科學基金項目“無油潤滑渦旋式壓縮機的摩擦學與動力學耦合問題研究”和“變?nèi)萘繙u旋壓縮機潤滑摩擦特性與轉(zhuǎn)子動力學行為研究”,以渦旋壓縮機為研究對象,基于圓漸開線理論,建立了渦旋壓縮機壓縮腔幾何模型,泄漏模型、傳熱模型、動力學模型；借助三維實體建模軟件,得到了渦旋壓縮機虛擬樣機模型；通過轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)模態(tài)、曲軸轉(zhuǎn)子殼體耦合動力學、轉(zhuǎn)子系平衡特性及考慮運動副間隙的機構(gòu)動力學特性分析,為渦旋壓縮機的可靠性設計及高性能研制提供了理論基礎。 首先完成渦旋壓縮機的虛擬建模和運動仿真,包括建立其部件的三維實體模型、對其零部件進行虛擬裝配、樣機和部件的運動仿真。建立其零部件三維實體模型,根據(jù)渦旋壓縮機物理樣機的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,描述主要零部件之間相互的位置關系和運動關系,從而確定各零部件在虛擬環(huán)境中的相對空間位置,進行虛擬樣機的裝配工作。校核渦旋壓縮機設計是否合理、可靠、主要零部件的動作是否協(xié)調(diào)和運動過程是否存在干涉。 在渦旋壓縮機虛擬建模的基礎上,研究渦旋壓縮機轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動力特性,根據(jù)模態(tài)分析理論和轉(zhuǎn)子單元運動方程,分析了主軸系各節(jié)點的位移和傾角；基于轉(zhuǎn)子動力學理論,得出了主軸軸承的動力特性系數(shù),建立了主軸軸承為剛性支承系統(tǒng)和彈簧—阻尼系統(tǒng)兩種分析模型。應用有限元軟件對渦旋壓縮機兩種分析模型的主軸轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)進行預應力條件下的模態(tài)分析,分別獲得了兩種支承系統(tǒng)條件下的振型,并分析了彈簧—阻尼系統(tǒng)中軸承剛度對其轉(zhuǎn)子動力特性的影響。 利用有限元方法和多體動力學理論,對渦旋壓縮機轉(zhuǎn)子和殼體進行有限元模態(tài)分析,獲得了渦旋壓縮機轉(zhuǎn)子和殼體的固有頻率和振型等模態(tài)特性參數(shù)。在渦旋壓縮機主軸系拓撲模型的基礎上,分別建立了主軸系的多剛體模型和多柔體模型。通過對曲軸系多體動力學仿真分析,得到了氣體力載荷和在柔性體條件下殼體承受主副軸承載荷等,分析了殼體在載荷作用下的動力學響應問題。 根據(jù)曲柄銷所受的切向力大小約為徑向力四倍,通過采取平衡曲柄銷所受切向力大小平均值及極小值的方法,分別分析了曲柄銷切向力不平衡殘余量以及曲柄銷切向力最小值部分對主軸軸承的影響；對渦旋壓縮機軸系和殼體進行受力分析,建立軸系和殼體的力和力矩平衡方程,將殼體的受力和主軸軸承載荷作為設計變量,來分析殼體在受力最佳的情況下,平衡重的安裝角度對主軸軸承載荷的影響。 在渦旋壓縮機工作過程中,如果計入尺寸誤差、運動副間隙和磨損間隙的存在,那么,渦旋壓縮機不能完全滿足平行四連桿的條件。因此,以渦旋壓縮機虛擬樣機為對象,建立考慮運動副間隙的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)多體動力學模型,并將含間隙運動副的間隙矢量模型、間隙接觸碰撞力模型和摩擦力模型嵌入ADAMS軟件進行多體動力學仿真。仿真結(jié)果可以準確地預測運動副間隙對渦旋壓縮機動態(tài)特性的影響,為渦旋壓縮機設計提供了參考和依據(jù)。 通過樣機動平衡試驗和性能試驗,驗證了渦旋壓縮機的優(yōu)良性能及可靠性,動平衡試驗必要性,為高性能渦旋壓縮機的研制與開發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎。
[Abstract]:Scroll compressor as a new, efficient, energy saving, low noise, displacement fluid machinery, materials, and other types of compressors compared with irreplaceable advantages, has been widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, power engineering and other fields. The current gradually to large volume, high power direction, with applications expand. Along with the development of the petrochemical industry, the use of the pressure energy is becoming more and more widely, the scroll compressor has become one of the indispensable equipment in all sectors of the national economy. With the development of computer technology and manufacturing technology, application of scroll compressor has more broad development. Because of the working principle and structural characteristics of scroll compressor special the potential advantage is not completely excavated. It is of great practical significance for scroll compressor and development of high performance. This paper relies on the country The project of National Natural Science Fund "oil-free scroll compressor tribological and dynamic coupling problem research" and "variable capacity lubrication and friction characteristics of scroll compressor and rotor dynamics research, to scroll compressor as the research object, based on the theory of involute, built of scroll compressor chamber geometry model, leakage model, heat transfer model. Dynamic model; using 3D modeling software, the virtual prototype model of scroll compressor; rotor system by modal, crankshaft rotor casing coupling dynamics, consideration and Analysis on the dynamic characteristics of mechanism with clearance balance characteristics of the rotor system, and provides the theoretical basis for the reliability design and high performance of scroll compressor is developed.
Virtual modeling and motion simulation of scroll compressor first, including establishing 3D model of the components of the virtual assembly of its components, and the components of the motion simulation prototype. The 3D model according to the structural features of the physical prototype of the scroll compressor, the relationship of position and motion to describe the relationship between the main components, so as to determine the the relative spatial positions of the components in the virtual environment, virtual prototype assembly work. Check the scroll compressor design is reasonable and reliable, the main components of the action is not the coordination of movement process of the existence of interference.
Based on the virtual model of scroll compressor, scroll compressor dynamic characteristics of rotor system, according to the modal analysis theory and the equation of motion of the rotor unit, the displacement and angle of each node of the main shaft system analysis; based on the theory of rotor dynamics, the dynamic characteristics of spindle bearings, a spindle bearing rigid support and spring damping system two kinds of system analysis model. Under the condition of prestressed modal analysis using the finite element software of scroll compressor two analysis model of spindle rotor system, we obtained two kinds of bearing system under the condition of vibration mode, and analyzes the spring damping system of bearing stiffness influence on the rotor dynamic characteristics.
By using the finite element method and multi-body dynamics theory and finite element modal analysis of scroll compressor rotor and shell, the scroll compressor rotor and housing to obtain the natural frequency and vibration mode modal parameters. Based on the topological model of scroll compressor spindle system, multi rigid body model were established and flexible multi spindle system model. Through the analysis of multi body dynamics simulation of crankshaft system, the gas loading and the flexible body under the condition of the main and auxiliary load bearing shell bearing, analyzes the dynamic response under the load case.
According to the crank pin by tangential force radial force is about four times, by taking the balance of crank pin by cutting method to force the average value and the minimum value, respectively analysis of the crank pin tangential force imbalance residual and crank pin tangential force minimum part of spindle bearing influence; the force analysis of the scroll compressor shaft and housing, and to set up a force and moment equilibrium equations, the shell stress and bearing load as the design variables, to analyze the case in stress optimum conditions, effects of installation angle of the balance weight on the main bearing load.
In the working process of the scroll compressor, if included in the size of the error, existence, clearance and wear gap that cannot fully meet the scroll compressor parallel four link conditions. Therefore, the virtual prototype of scroll compressor rotor system is developed as the object, the clearance of multi-body dynamic model considering the gap, and vector model of the gap the motion model and friction model, embedded ADAMS software of multi-body dynamics simulation gap contact force. The simulation results can accurately predict the effect of clearance on the dynamic characteristics of scroll compressor, to provide reference and basis for the design of scroll compressor.
The performance and reliability of scroll compressor are verified through the maneuverability balance test and performance test. The necessity of dynamic balancing test is established, which lays a solid foundation for the development and development of high-performance scroll compressor.

【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH45

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