本文選題：損傷檢測　切入點：平頭塔式起重機　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來塔機在工程施工中得到了廣泛的運用，然而伴隨而來的是塔機事故的逐年增加，事故發(fā)生的原因有很多種，其中由于材料本身的缺陷或者焊接工藝不合理以及伴隨塔機服役時間而出現(xiàn)的損傷，包括疲勞裂紋、腐蝕等原因引發(fā)的損傷事故占相當比例，因此針對塔機金屬結構損傷的檢測識別技術研究迫在眉睫。 本文研究了基于應變指標的臂架結構損傷檢測識別方法及其具體實施方式，進行了檢測點的優(yōu)化布置分析，，利用有限元數(shù)值模擬實例進行了驗證。結合實際應用的具體工況，分析了該方法在實際應用中的局限性以及可能采取的彌補措施。 運用小波信號奇異性分析理論，研究了移動載荷下梁結構損傷檢測識別方法。利用有限元軟件進行了移動載荷作用下含裂紋損傷的簡支梁和懸臂梁的瞬態(tài)分析數(shù)值模擬，對梁位移及梁上某點位移時程信號進行小波多分辨率分析。通過小波系數(shù)在尺度－空間上的突變，識別出單個裂紋、多個裂紋在梁上的空間分布位置，并以Lipschitz指數(shù)進行損傷程度量化描述。利用有限元數(shù)值模擬模型，進一步分析了載荷移動速度對損傷識別效果的影響，結果表明移動載荷移動速度慢較快好。 以STT753型平頭式塔式起重機的臂架標準節(jié)為例，研究了移動載荷作用下臂架結構損傷的小波檢測識別方法。利用有限元瞬態(tài)分析方法獲得臂架及上某點的位移時程的動態(tài)響應信號，依據(jù)小波分析系數(shù)在尺度－空間上的突變性質識別裂紋損傷的位置。結合塔機臂架標準節(jié)的實際應用工況，進行了單損傷、多損傷下采樣點位置及數(shù)目的優(yōu)化布置分析。 利用等比例縮尺的塔機臂架模型，進行了移動載荷下臂架損傷小波檢測識別方法的實驗驗證。實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析表明，當臂架模型存在單處損傷和兩處損傷時，提取弦桿自由端在移動載荷作用下的加速度、位移時程響應信號，并對其進行小波多分辨率處理分析，能確定損傷位置。實驗結果表明基于小波分析的損傷檢測識別技術在工程實際中具有一定的應用前景。 本文是對塔機臂架結構損傷檢測識別技術的一次初步嘗試，討論了損傷位置和程度的有效檢測識別問題，得出的一些結論、數(shù)據(jù)，為塔機及其他設備的結構損傷檢測提供了一定的參考，具有一定的應用價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, tower cranes have been widely used in engineering construction. However, with the increase of tower crane accidents year by year, there are many reasons for the accidents. Among them, due to the defects of the material itself or the unreasonable welding process and the damage caused by the service time of the tower crane, the damage accidents caused by fatigue cracks, corrosion and other reasons account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, it is urgent to study the detection and identification technology of tower crane metal structure damage. In this paper, the damage detection and identification method of boom structure based on strain index and its specific implementation method are studied, and the optimal arrangement of detection points is analyzed. The finite element numerical simulation example is used to verify this method. The limitation of this method in practical application and the possible remedial measures are analyzed. Using the wavelet signal singularity analysis theory, the damage detection and identification method of beam structure under moving load is studied. The transient analysis numerical simulation of simply supported beam and cantilever beam with crack damage under moving load is carried out by using finite element software. The wavelet multi-resolution analysis of the beam displacement and the time-history signal of a point displacement on the beam is carried out. By the mutation of the wavelet coefficients in the scale-space, the spatial distribution of the single crack and the multiple cracks on the beam is identified. Using the finite element numerical simulation model, the influence of load moving velocity on damage identification is further analyzed. The results show that the moving load moves slowly and better. Taking the standard jib joint of STT753 type flat head tower crane as an example, In this paper, the wavelet detection and identification method for the damage of boom structure under moving load is studied. The dynamic response signals of the displacement time history of the boom and the upper point are obtained by using the finite element transient analysis method. The location of crack damage is identified according to the abrupt character of wavelet analysis coefficient in scale space. Combined with the practical application condition of standard section of boom of tower crane, the optimum arrangement of sampling point location and number under single damage and multiple damage is analyzed. In this paper, the experimental verification of wavelet detection and identification method of boom damage under moving load is carried out by using the model of tower crane with equal scale. The experimental data analysis shows that when there are single damage and two damage in the boom model, The acceleration and displacement response signals of the free end of the chord under moving load are extracted and analyzed by wavelet multi-resolution processing. The experimental results show that the damage detection and identification technology based on wavelet analysis has a certain application prospect in engineering practice. This paper is a preliminary attempt to detect and identify the damage of boom structure of tower crane, discusses the problem of effective detection and identification of damage location and degree, and draws some conclusions and data. It provides a certain reference for structural damage detection of tower crane and other equipment, and has certain application value.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.3;TH165.3

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