本文選題：模態(tài)分析　切入點：靜態(tài)分析　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文基于現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法中的有限單元法和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法,以某50t-31.5m橋式起重機為研究對象,完成了多種工況下材料分別為Q235和Q345的橋式起重機橋架的輕量化設(shè)計研究。 首先介紹了起重機的研究現(xiàn)狀和CAE技術(shù)的在起重機行業(yè)的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,深入研究了有限元法的理論基礎(chǔ)及有限元分析軟件HyperWorks。在第三章詳細描述了此橋式起重機的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)并建立其幾何模型,此外,運用前處理軟件HyperMesh建立了起重機橋架的有限元模型,對有限元建模過程進行了詳細闡述。在第四章分別對橋架的整個有限元模型和半個有限元模型進行了模態(tài)分析和靜態(tài)分析,分析計算結(jié)果表明此橋式起重機橋架的結(jié)構(gòu)性能的安全系數(shù)過大還存在很大的優(yōu)化空間,因此有必要對其進行結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化設(shè)計。在第五章為了驗證有限元模型及其計算結(jié)果的準確性,采用解析法對橋式起重機的主梁進行靜力學(xué)理論計算,其結(jié)果與有限元計算結(jié)果相當(dāng)吻合,確保了有限元計算結(jié)果的可信度。 本文在第六章深入研究了各種結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法和流程,及Optistruct中的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法,并分別對材料為Q235和Q345的橋式起重機橋架結(jié)構(gòu)進行多種工況下的形狀優(yōu)化、尺寸優(yōu)化、拓撲優(yōu)化以及綜合優(yōu)化,此外,還對主梁進行了板厚變截面優(yōu)化設(shè)計和魚腹梁變截面優(yōu)化設(shè)計。首先建立橋架結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計數(shù)學(xué)模型,各個優(yōu)化設(shè)計的優(yōu)化模型雖有所區(qū)別,但最終目標(biāo)都是減少起重機橋架的自重,實現(xiàn)輕量化設(shè)計的目的。通過本文的研究表明采用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法進行橋架設(shè)計可以在滿足起重機強度剛度的設(shè)計要求下實現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化設(shè)計,效果顯著。將材料分別為Q235和Q345的橋架的優(yōu)化結(jié)果進行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)只提高材料的強度,橋式起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)綜合性能沒有明顯改進,必須同時提高材料的強度和剛度,才能得到更大的優(yōu)化空間,使結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化更有意義。 論文研究提高了起重機主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計水平,使得起重機箱形梁結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計更加合理,對起重機橋架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義和參考價值。
[Abstract]:Based on the finite element method and structural optimization design method in modern design method, this paper takes a 50t-31.5m bridge crane as the research object, and completes the lightweight design of bridge crane with Q235 and Q345 materials under various working conditions. Firstly, the research status of crane and the application of CAE technology in crane industry are introduced. The theoretical basis of finite element method and finite element analysis software HyperWorks.In the third chapter, the metal structure of the bridge crane is described in detail and its geometric model is established. The finite element model of crane bridge is established by using pre-processing software HyperMesh, and the process of finite element modeling is described in detail. In chapter 4th, modal analysis and static analysis of the whole finite element model and half finite element model of bridge frame are carried out, respectively. The results of analysis and calculation show that there is still a large space for optimization of the safety factor of the bridge frame of the bridge crane. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out structural lightweight design. In Chapter 5th, in order to verify the accuracy of the finite element model and its calculation results, an analytical method is used to calculate the static theory of the main girder of a bridge crane. The results are in good agreement with the results of finite element calculation, which ensures the reliability of the results. In Chapter 6th, various structural optimization methods and processes, and structural optimization methods in Optistruct are studied, and the shape and size optimization of bridge crane bridge structure with Q235 and Q345 are carried out under various working conditions, respectively. In addition, the optimization design of the main beam with variable section thickness and the variable section of the fish-web beam is carried out. Firstly, the mathematical model of the optimal design of the bridge frame structure is established, and the optimization models of each optimization design are different. But the ultimate goal is to reduce the weight of the crane's bridge, The aim of lightweight design is realized. The research in this paper shows that the structure lightweight design can be realized by adopting the structural optimization method to design the bridge under the requirements of the crane strength and stiffness. The results show that the strength of the bridge crane can only be increased, and the comprehensive performance of the bridge crane structure is not improved obviously, so the strength and stiffness of the bridge crane must be improved simultaneously, and the optimization results of the bridge frame with the material Q235 and Q345 are compared, and it is found that the strength of the bridge crane can only be improved. Only then can we get more optimization space and make the structure optimization more meaningful. In this paper, the design level of crane main girder structure is improved, and the design of crane box girder structure is more reasonable, which has certain guiding significance and reference value for crane bridge frame structure design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH215

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