本文選題：叉車自動變速　切入點：變矩器性能優(yōu)化　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文根據(jù)皖政文件（〔2009〕108號）關(guān)于加快推進“重大科技項目”實施的背景，對重型叉車自動變速器項目進行了研究，同時本文的研究工作也得到國家自然科學基金項目“平衡重式叉車底盤系統(tǒng)橫向穩(wěn)定性集成控制研究”（51205101）和安徽省十二五科技攻關(guān)項目“工程機械自動變速控制系統(tǒng)”（12010202032）的支持與資助。項目的實施將提高國內(nèi)叉車核心零部件的水平，填補國內(nèi)在該領(lǐng)域的空白;文中針對叉車的特殊工作特點，在改善換擋經(jīng)濟性，尤其是在影響傳動系統(tǒng)效率較大的變矩器的性能提升研究方面，進行了大量的基礎(chǔ)工作，同時在換擋規(guī)律和平順性、以及特殊工況，如低附著路面、坡道等進行了測試、研究、仿真、試驗，主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： （1）運用DOE方法對液力變矩器葉柵相關(guān)參數(shù)進行敏感性研究。在建立液流廣義的環(huán)坐標系的基礎(chǔ)上，對葉片數(shù)據(jù)進行計算、分析，并提煉出葉形設(shè)計流線的數(shù)學表達式，在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步推導出新的變矩器原始特性表達式，完成對變矩器性能的優(yōu)化，提升工作效率，并進行臺架試驗驗證，此方法拓寬了變矩器研發(fā)的新途徑。 （2）針對叉車使用場所、工況的特殊性，提出了一種基于操作意愿、叉車工況和路面狀態(tài)的分層遞階協(xié)調(diào)控制策略，實現(xiàn)了對不同工況的分析、決策、控制，優(yōu)化了叉車對惡劣場所操作時換擋的適應(yīng)性，，并獲得滿意的換擋效果，為叉車自動變速智能化控制策略的深入研究提供一定的理論參考。 （3）坡道換擋是叉車行駛的典型工況，本文通過對重型叉車坡道換擋參數(shù)的測試及其對坡道換擋性能的影響分析，采用智能仿人控制的誤差理論對坡道狀態(tài)參數(shù)進行識別，同時運用模糊了控制理論建立了換擋數(shù)據(jù)庫，并進行不同載荷下坡道自動換擋試驗，有效地解決了傳統(tǒng)叉車坡道換擋熄火、溜車以及離合器滑磨時間過長的缺點。 （4）針對叉車起步換擋對其工作性能的影響十分重要的特點，通過分析濕式離合器分離、結(jié)合的運動過程，建立離合器換擋動力學模型，得到力學平衡方程，以及離合器傳遞的扭矩與結(jié)合力的關(guān)系。并對原變速器的液壓控制系統(tǒng)進行重新設(shè)計，臺架試驗表明，新的控制系統(tǒng)比原系統(tǒng)具有更好的平順性；同時，提出了一套叉車起步、換擋評價方法。 （5）在MATLAB/simulink中建立叉車整車傳動系統(tǒng)動力學模型，并對自動變速器及其零部件進行仿真研究，同時，基于ARM7開發(fā)平臺進行叉車自動變速控制系統(tǒng)TCU軟硬件設(shè)計，并對其按國家標準進行電磁兼容、抗震、防水等可靠性測試，臺架和整車車試驗表明，換擋可靠高，平順性好，滿足設(shè)計標準。 通過重型叉車自動變速技術(shù)研究和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，在叉車自動變速的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方面取得一定突破，打破國外的技術(shù)壁壘，降低成本，提高產(chǎn)品綜合性能，增加核心競爭力。
[Abstract]:According to the background of accelerating the implementation of "major science and technology project", this paper studies the automatic transmission project of heavy forklift truck. At the same time, the research work of this paper is also obtained from the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Integrated control of lateral stability of balanced heavy forklift chassis system" (51205101) and the project of the 12th Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province, "automatic transmission control system of construction machinery". The implementation of the project will improve the level of core parts of forklift trucks in China. Aiming at the special working characteristics of forklift truck, this paper has carried out a lot of basic work in improving the shift economy, especially in the research of improving the performance of the torque converter, which affects the efficiency of the transmission system. At the same time, in the shift law and ride comfort, as well as special working conditions, such as low adhesion road, ramp and so on were tested, research, simulation, test, the main research contents and conclusions are as follows:. 1) the sensitivity of cascade parameters of hydraulic torque converter is studied by using DOE method. On the basis of establishing a generalized circular coordinate system of liquid flow, the blade data are calculated, analyzed, and the mathematical expressions of the blade design streamline are extracted. On the basis of this, a new expression of the original characteristic of the converter is derived, the performance of the converter is optimized, the working efficiency is improved, and the bench test is carried out. This method broadens the new way of the research and development of the converter. 2) aiming at the particularity of the working condition and the use place of forklift truck, this paper puts forward a hierarchical and hierarchical coordinated control strategy based on the operation will, the working condition of forklift truck and the road condition, which realizes the analysis, decision and control of different working conditions. The paper optimizes the adaptability of forklift to the operation of bad places, and obtains satisfactory gear shifting effect, which provides a certain theoretical reference for the in-depth study of intelligent control strategy of automatic speed change of forklift. Ramp shift is a typical driving condition of forklift truck. Through testing the shift parameters of heavy-duty forklift ramp and its influence on the shift performance of ramp, this paper uses the error theory of intelligent man-simulated control to identify the ramp state parameters. At the same time, the shift database is established by using fuzzy control theory, and the automatic shift test of slope track under different loads is carried out, which effectively solves the shortcomings of traditional forklift car slope shift flameout, running car and clutch sliding and grinding time too long. In view of the very important characteristics of the influence of the starting gear shift of the forklift truck on its working performance, by analyzing the separation of the wet clutch and the movement process, the dynamic model of the clutch shift is established, and the mechanical balance equation is obtained. And the relationship between the torque transmitted by the clutch and the binding force. The hydraulic control system of the original transmission is redesigned. The bench test shows that the new control system has better ride comfort than the original system, and at the same time, a set of forklift truck starting is put forward. Gearshift evaluation method. The dynamic model of the whole forklift transmission system is established in MATLAB/simulink, and the automatic transmission and its parts are simulated. At the same time, the software and hardware of the forklift automatic transmission control system TCU are designed based on the ARM7 development platform. The reliability tests of electromagnetic compatibility, seismic resistance and waterproofing are carried out according to the national standards. The tests on the bench and the whole vehicle show that the shift reliability is high, the ride comfort is good, and the design standard is satisfied. Through the research of automatic transmission technology and product development of heavy forklift truck, a certain breakthrough has been made in the key technology of automatic transmission of forklift truck, which can break the foreign technical barrier, reduce the cost, improve the comprehensive performance of the product and increase the core competitiveness.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH242

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