本文選題：裝配線平衡　切入點(diǎn)：遺傳算法　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：履帶起重機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、體積和重量龐大等特點(diǎn)，廣泛采用定點(diǎn)裝配的方式。但在定點(diǎn)裝配過程中，會有裝配效率低、配送復(fù)雜、待制品多等問題產(chǎn)生，隨著市場競爭的加劇，，S公司為提高履帶起重機(jī)的裝配效率、縮短生產(chǎn)周期，提高產(chǎn)品競爭力，決定采用流水線裝配。裝配線平衡是規(guī)劃高效裝配線的重要問題之一。 首先，結(jié)合履帶起重機(jī)的構(gòu)造，分析了履帶起重機(jī)裝配存在效率低、待制品過多，物流配送困難等問題。利用時(shí)間測量法測量各裝配任務(wù)的作業(yè)時(shí)間，依據(jù)裝配工藝建立了裝配作業(yè)先序圖，確定了裝配線平衡目標(biāo)。設(shè)計(jì)了履帶起重機(jī)裝配線平衡的遺傳算法，包括編碼、交叉算子、選擇算子，變異算子和適應(yīng)度函數(shù)等，優(yōu)化裝配任務(wù)的分配，得到工站數(shù)量及各作業(yè)內(nèi)容在各工站的作業(yè)分配方案，并使平臺、履帶架及合車三條裝配線的平衡率均超過90%。 最后，考慮裝配任務(wù)作業(yè)時(shí)間的隨機(jī)波動(dòng)，利用eM-Plant仿真軟件建立了履帶起重機(jī)的裝配線仿真模型，并通過分析工位的負(fù)荷，確定瓶頸工位及潛在的瓶頸工位。提出基于鄰域工位負(fù)荷差的裝配任務(wù)調(diào)整規(guī)則對瓶頸工位進(jìn)行改善，并對潛在的瓶頸工位進(jìn)行機(jī)械化及自動(dòng)化水平提升，進(jìn)一步平衡工位負(fù)荷，確保裝配線在作業(yè)時(shí)間隨機(jī)波動(dòng)情況下的可靠性。履帶起重機(jī)裝配線節(jié)拍為167min的情況下，年生產(chǎn)能力為1011臺，可靠性達(dá)到97.12%；滿足年產(chǎn)能900臺和靠性95%的要求。有效解決了履帶起重機(jī)的裝配流水線平衡問題。
[Abstract]:Crawler crane has the characteristics of complex structure, huge volume and weight, and it is widely used in fixed-point assembly. However, in the process of fixed-point assembly, there will be problems such as low assembly efficiency, complicated distribution, and many products to be produced. In order to improve the assembly efficiency of crawler cranes, shorten the production cycle and improve the competitiveness of products, the company has decided to adopt pipeline to assemble the assembly line balance, which is one of the important problems in the planning of high-efficiency assembly line. First of all, combined with the construction of crawler crane, this paper analyzes the problems of low efficiency, too many products to be produced and difficulty of logistics distribution in assembly of crawler crane. The time measurement method is used to measure the working time of each assembly task. According to the assembly process, the first order diagram of assembly operation is established, and the balance target of assembly line is determined. The genetic algorithm of assembly line balance of crawler crane is designed, including coding, crossover operator, selection operator, mutation operator and fitness function, etc. The distribution of assembly tasks is optimized, and the distribution scheme of the number of stations and the contents of each operation in each station is obtained, and the balance rate of the three assembly lines of platform, track frame and vehicle is over 90%. Finally, considering the random fluctuation of assembly task time, the assembly line simulation model of crawler crane is established by using eM-Plant simulation software, and the load of work station is analyzed. The bottleneck station and the potential bottleneck station are determined. The assembly task adjustment rules based on the load difference of the neighborhood station are put forward to improve the bottleneck work station, and the mechanization and automation level of the potential bottleneck work station is improved. Further balancing the work load to ensure the reliability of assembly line under random fluctuation of working time. The annual production capacity of crawler crane assembly line is 1011 when the rhythm of assembly line is 167min. The reliability reaches 97.12 and meets the requirements of annual production capacity of 900 units and reliance of 95%. It effectively solves the balancing problem of pipeline for the assembly of crawler cranes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.7

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