本文選題：天然氣減壓閥　切入點：動態(tài)特性　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文是在課題組與企業(yè)合作項目的支持下完成的。天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥是保障天然氣輸配、門站系統(tǒng)正常工作的重要自力式控制類閥門。其主要功能是調(diào)節(jié)輸配管網(wǎng)壓力，保證負(fù)載設(shè)備正常運行。研究減壓閥的性能涉及到流體力學(xué)、工程熱力學(xué)和自動控制等學(xué)科中的一系列基礎(chǔ)理論問題。要改進減壓閥的性能，就必須研究不同元件參數(shù)組合下減壓閥所表現(xiàn)出來的動態(tài)特性，不同的流道結(jié)構(gòu)對于減壓閥流場特性的影響，以及減壓閥出口壓力波動及噪聲問題。本論文進行了以下一系列的研究，為改進天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥的性能提供了可靠的理論依據(jù)。 運用Matlab軟件Simulink工具箱，根據(jù)天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及工作原理建立機械系統(tǒng)運動方程，氣體狀態(tài)和流動方程以及各腔壓力控制方程，繪制系統(tǒng)方框圖。重點采用子系統(tǒng)和S函數(shù)模塊進行動態(tài)模型仿真，得到系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性，計算出天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥在動態(tài)流量變化過程中各個時刻的狀態(tài)量，分別繪制不同進口壓力、彈簧剛度以及泄流孔直徑下天然氣高壓先導(dǎo)式減壓閥的動態(tài)特性響應(yīng)曲線。運用Matlab軟件Gatool工具箱對天然氣高壓先導(dǎo)式減壓閥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進優(yōu)化。根據(jù)不同設(shè)計變量，建立以輸出壓力為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型，，基于遺傳算法理論得出最佳適應(yīng)度和最佳均值軌跡，從而得到天然氣高壓先導(dǎo)式減壓閥動態(tài)性能最優(yōu)化的參數(shù)組合。 運用Solidworks軟件對天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥內(nèi)部流道進行三維建模及網(wǎng)格劃分。采用天然氣理想氣體可壓縮流體模型，設(shè)置壓力進口和壓力出口邊界條件，應(yīng)用改進的RNG k-Epsilon模型求解得到天然氣先導(dǎo)式減壓閥內(nèi)壓力及速度分布云圖，以及壓差、流量等相關(guān)參數(shù)。分析了減壓閥在不同工況條件下的流場特性。對不同閥瓣形狀下減壓閥的流場特性進行分析，改進了閥瓣形狀，提高了減壓閥性能。 在流場分析的基礎(chǔ)上，利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEC60534-8-3-2009《工業(yè)過程控制閥.第8-3部分:噪聲的考慮.控制閥的氣動噪聲預(yù)測法》對高馬赫數(shù)天然氣高壓先導(dǎo)式減壓閥所產(chǎn)生的噪聲進行了理論預(yù)估和分析計算。對于超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的噪聲范圍提出了改進要求，為今后的研究工作提供了方向。
[Abstract]:This paper is completed under the support of the project of cooperation between the research group and the enterprise. The natural gas pilot pressure reducing valve is an important self-control valve to ensure the natural gas transmission and distribution, and the gate station system works normally. Its main function is to regulate the pressure of the pipeline network, the main function of which is to regulate the pressure of the pipeline network. The research on the performance of the pressure reducing valve involves a series of basic theoretical problems in the fields of fluid mechanics, engineering thermodynamics and automatic control. It is necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of the valve under the combination of different component parameters and the influence of different flow channel structures on the flow field characteristics of the valve. As well as the pressure fluctuation and noise at the outlet of the pressure-reducing valve. In this paper, a series of studies have been carried out, which provide a reliable theoretical basis for improving the performance of the natural gas pressure-reducing valve. By using Simulink toolbox of Matlab software, the mechanical system motion equation, gas state and flow equation and pressure control equation of each cavity are established according to the structure parameters and working principle of the natural gas pilot pressure reducing valve. The block diagram of the system is drawn. The dynamic model is simulated by the subsystem and the S function module, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are obtained, and the state quantities of the natural gas pressure-reducing valve at each moment in the process of dynamic flow change are calculated. Drawing different inlet pressures, The dynamic response curves of natural gas pressure-pressure-reducing valves with spring stiffness and outlet diameter are obtained. The structural parameters of natural gas high-pressure-guide pressure-reducing valves are optimized by using the Matlab software Gatool toolbox. According to the different design variables, the dynamic response curves of the high-pressure pressure-reducing valves are obtained. An optimal mathematical model with the output pressure as the objective function is established. The optimal fitness and the optimal mean trajectory are obtained based on the genetic algorithm theory, and the parameter combination of the dynamic performance optimization of the natural gas pressure-reducing valve is obtained. Using Solidworks software, the internal flow channel of the natural gas pilot pressure reducing valve is modeled and meshed. The ideal gas compressible fluid model of natural gas is adopted, and the pressure inlet and pressure outlet boundary conditions are set up. Using the improved RNG k-Epsilon model, the pressure and velocity distribution and pressure difference in the natural gas pilot relief valve are obtained. The flow field characteristics of the pressure relief valve under different working conditions are analyzed. The flow field characteristics of the valve under different disc shapes are analyzed. The disc shape is improved and the performance of the valve is improved. On the basis of flow field analysis, Using standard IEC60534-8-3-2009 < Industrial process control valves-part 8-3: noise considerations; Pneumatic noise prediction method of control valves, the theoretical prediction, analysis and calculation of the noise generated by high Mach number natural gas high pressure pilot pressure-reducing valves are carried out. Improved requirements for noise ranges exceeding standard requirements, It provides a direction for future research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH134

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