本文關(guān)鍵詞： 氣體靜壓止推軸承 狹縫 k-ε湍流模型 靜特性　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于氣體靜壓軸承具有精度高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、摩擦阻力小和壽命長等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，使其在高速和精密工程、微電子技術(shù)、醫(yī)療器械和空間技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。特別在航空航天領(lǐng)域中，采用衛(wèi)星控制系統(tǒng)全物理仿真氣浮臺來模擬航天器各自由度的運(yùn)動并加以控制，以深化對航天器的研究。這種仿真氣浮臺就是依靠空氣在氣體靜壓止推軸承和支承平臺之間形成一定壓力下的氣膜使氣浮臺浮起。然而由于高精度大平面氣浮支撐臺體加工難度大，，目前工程上由多塊小平臺拼接而成，這就使得大平面氣浮臺難免存在縫隙。故本文將研究氣浮軸承過縫時承載性能，分析軸承過縫時靜特性的影響因素，為大平面氣浮臺所需空氣靜壓軸承的研究與設(shè)計奠定基礎(chǔ)。 由于狹縫的影響，使得氣浮軸承過縫時氣膜中心的流場特性發(fā)生變化，本文首先從理論上分析氣體在流道中可能發(fā)生的節(jié)流形式，繼而分析影響氣浮軸承靜特性的因素，包括供氣壓力、氣膜厚度、進(jìn)氣孔直徑與數(shù)目、狹縫的結(jié)構(gòu)與位置等。 目前工程上應(yīng)用的氣體靜壓止推軸承主要為6孔環(huán)形分布和12孔雙排環(huán)形分布的兩種形式，故本文采用基于有限體積法的FLUENT軟件分別建立6孔和12孔環(huán)形供氣靜壓軸承跨一字縫時的仿真模型，將k-ε湍流模型引入到氣體靜壓軸承的數(shù)值模擬中，針對理想氣體研究氣體靜壓軸承跨縫時的靜特性。首先分析了6孔氣浮軸承不過縫與過三種不同縫位置時的靜承載力和入口流量，分析縫位置對軸承靜特性的影響。繼而針對軸承中心過縫的情況，研究氣膜厚度、進(jìn)氣孔直徑、進(jìn)氣孔數(shù)目、供氣壓力、狹縫寬度和狹縫深度對軸承的靜承載力、靜剛度和入口流量三個特性的影響規(guī)律，指出提高6孔氣浮軸承跨縫時靜特性的方法。接下來，本文對12孔雙排交錯分布靜壓止推軸承進(jìn)行仿真計算，分析中心過縫的兩種形式的靜承載力和入口流量，并與無縫時進(jìn)行對比，繼而針對其中一種狹縫情況，分析氣膜厚度和供氣壓力對軸承跨縫時靜特性的影響規(guī)律，并和6孔軸承進(jìn)行了對比，指出狹縫對12孔雙排交錯分布?xì)怏w靜壓止推軸承的影響程度要小于6孔靜壓軸承。 最后搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)臺，通過試驗(yàn)方法研究6孔靜壓止推軸承跨縫時的靜承載力受供氣壓力和氣膜厚度的影響規(guī)律。并將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析，驗(yàn)證仿真結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。本文的研究結(jié)果給出氣體靜壓軸承在大平面氣浮臺上過一字縫時的靜特性指標(biāo)及提高相應(yīng)靜特性的方法。為進(jìn)一步研究氣浮軸承在大平面氣浮臺上移動時的承載性能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Because of the advantages of high precision, simple structure, small friction resistance and long life, the aerostatic bearing is used in high speed and precision engineering, microelectronics technology, etc. Especially in the field of aerospace, satellite control system is used to simulate the motion and control of the various degrees of freedom of the spacecraft. In order to deepen the research on spacecraft, the simulated air floatation platform is based on the air film formed between the aerostatic thrust bearing and the supporting platform to make the platform float. However, because of the high precision large plane air floating support. It is difficult to process the brace body. At present, engineering is made up of several small platforms, which makes it inevitable that there are gaps in the large plane air bearing platform. Therefore, this paper will study the bearing capacity of the air bearing when it is overslit, and analyze the influence factors of the static characteristics of the bearing when it is oversevered. It lays a foundation for the research and design of aerostatic bearing for large plane air flotation platform. Because of the influence of slit, the flow field characteristics of the gas film center change when the air bearing passes through the slot. In this paper, the possible throttling form of the gas in the flow channel is analyzed theoretically, and then the factors influencing the static characteristics of the air bearing are analyzed. Including gas supply pressure, film thickness, intake hole diameter and number, slit structure and location, etc. At present, the aerostatic thrust bearing used in engineering mainly consists of two types: 6-hole annular distribution and 12-hole double-row annular distribution. Therefore, the FLUENT software based on the finite volume method is used to establish the simulation model of the annular hydrostatic bearing with 6 holes and 12 holes respectively, and the k- 蔚 turbulence model is introduced into the numerical simulation of the aerostatic bearing. In this paper, the static characteristics of gas hydrostatic bearings with cross joints are studied. Firstly, the static bearing capacity and inlet flow rate of six holes bearing with different joints and three different joints are analyzed. This paper analyzes the influence of joint position on the static characteristics of bearing, and then studies the static bearing capacity of bearing by the thickness of gas film, the diameter of intake hole, the number of inlet pores, the pressure of air supply, the width of slit and the depth of slit in the center of bearing. The influence of static stiffness and inlet flow rate on static characteristics is discussed, and the method of improving static characteristics of 6-hole air-bearing is pointed out. Then, the paper simulates the 12-hole double-row staggered static thrust bearing. This paper analyzes the static bearing capacity and inlet flow rate of two types of central seam, and compares them with the seamless ones, and then analyzes the influence of film thickness and air supply pressure on the static characteristics of the bearing when it is across the seam, aiming at one of the slit conditions. Compared with 6-hole bearing, it is pointed out that the influence of slit on 12-hole double-row staggered aerostatic thrust bearing is less than that of 6-hole hydrostatic bearing. Finally, a test bench is built to study the influence of air supply pressure and film thickness on the static bearing capacity of a 6-hole static thrust bearing when it crosses the cracks. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results, and the experimental results are compared with those of the simulation results. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified. The static characteristic index and the method of improving the corresponding static characteristic of the aerostatic bearing passing through a word slot on the large plane air floatation table are given in this paper. In order to further study the air bearing in Daping, the method of improving the static characteristic of the aerostatic bearing is given in this paper. The bearing capacity of the surface air floatation platform when moving laid the foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.3

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