本文關(guān)鍵詞： 機(jī)械密封 CFD 腔內(nèi)介質(zhì)物理場(chǎng) 熱流固耦合 液膜特性 固有振動(dòng)特性　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：機(jī)械密封裝置是動(dòng)力裝備安全運(yùn)行的重要屏障。高壓、高溫、高速、高腐蝕等極端工況易造成密封端面的溫升過(guò)大，將引起密封副形成熱錐面或波度、非正常的熱磨損及熱腐蝕、熱裂或龜裂及端面間液膜失穩(wěn)等失效現(xiàn)象。 本文以石化行業(yè)熱油泵用高參數(shù)波紋管機(jī)械密封為研究對(duì)象，首先建立了密封腔內(nèi)工作流場(chǎng)的三維數(shù)值模型，，設(shè)置了邊界條件初始條件后，基于計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)(C FD)數(shù)值計(jì)算法，選用基壓式求解器及RNG k ε湍流模型，通過(guò)求解工作流場(chǎng)的三維N S方程、能力方程及連續(xù)性方程，得到了工作流場(chǎng)及密封副與接觸面處的壓力梯度云圖、速度梯度云圖、溫度梯度云圖、流場(chǎng)區(qū)域的渦量分布、質(zhì)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)跡線云圖、湍動(dòng)能及湍能耗散率等熱流體動(dòng)力物理場(chǎng)特性分布，與此同時(shí)，得到了上述參數(shù)的矢量圖、等值線圖。 基于腔內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的熱流體動(dòng)力學(xué)特性的研究，建立了以腔內(nèi)介質(zhì)、動(dòng)環(huán)、靜環(huán)及沖洗介質(zhì)等部分為整體的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，實(shí)現(xiàn)了熱、流、固多場(chǎng)耦合數(shù)值計(jì)算。首先分別建立了各部分的數(shù)值模型，將高參數(shù)工況的物料屬性及模型的邊界條件寫入了數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，其中在流固交界面設(shè)置了實(shí)際工況熱對(duì)流系數(shù)，選用合理的壓力松弛因子及差值格式后，計(jì)算得到了液膜的壓力梯度及壓力系數(shù)、摩擦力及摩擦扭矩、溫度梯度分布以及液膜質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)跡線等流場(chǎng)特性參數(shù)分布規(guī)律；得到了動(dòng)、靜環(huán)的熱荷載軸向及徑向的梯度分布特性，基于有限元算法，通過(guò)求解物理方程、幾何方程、虛功方程，得到了在熱荷載作用下的動(dòng)、靜環(huán)軸向及徑向的熱應(yīng)變、熱應(yīng)力及熱變形。另外，基于有限元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)分析原理，數(shù)值計(jì)算了預(yù)熱荷載作用下的動(dòng)環(huán)的模態(tài)分析，并將其與無(wú)熱荷載因素下的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，得到了密封副在高參數(shù)工況下的振動(dòng)機(jī)理。 通過(guò)對(duì)不同工況條件下的數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果的對(duì)比分析，得到了主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、密封壓力、介質(zhì)粘度、介質(zhì)溫度及液膜膜厚等因素對(duì)于液膜熱流場(chǎng)物理特性、對(duì)動(dòng)、靜環(huán)的熱變形及熱應(yīng)力以及對(duì)于動(dòng)環(huán)振動(dòng)特性的影響規(guī)律，這為高參數(shù)極端工況下所用機(jī)械密封的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Mechanical sealing device is an important barrier for the safe operation of power equipment. Extreme working conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, high speed and high corrosion will easily cause the temperature rise of the seal end surface to be too large, which will cause the sealing pair to form a hot cone surface or waviness. Abnormal thermal wear and corrosion, hot cracking or cracking, and end-to-face liquid film instability and other failure phenomena. In this paper, the high parameter corrugated pipe mechanical seal for hot oil pump in petrochemical industry is studied. Firstly, a three-dimensional numerical model of workflow field in seal chamber is established, and the initial boundary condition is set up. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method, the basic pressure solver and RNG k 蔚 turbulence model are used to solve the three dimensional N S equation, capability equation and continuity equation of workflow field. The pressure gradient cloud, velocity gradient cloud, temperature gradient cloud, vorticity distribution in the flow field, particle movement trace and cloud image of the workflow field and the sealing pair and contact surface are obtained. At the same time, the vector diagram and isoline diagram of the above parameters are obtained. Based on the study of the thermohydrodynamic characteristics of the flow field in the cavity, a numerical model is established, which takes the inner cavity medium, the moving ring, the static ring and the washing medium as the whole, and realizes the heat and flow. First, the numerical models of each part are established, and the material properties and the boundary conditions of the model are written into the numerical model, in which the actual thermal convection coefficient is set up at the fluid-solid interface. The pressure gradient and pressure coefficient, friction force and friction torque, temperature gradient distribution, and the distribution of flow field parameters such as the motion trace of liquid film particle are obtained by selecting reasonable pressure relaxation factor and difference scheme. In this paper, the axial and radial gradient distributions of the thermal loads in the dynamic and static rings are obtained. Based on the finite element method, the dynamic, static and radial thermal strains are obtained by solving the physical equations, geometric equations and virtual work equations. In addition, based on the finite element dynamic analysis principle, the modal analysis of the dynamic ring under preheating load is numerically calculated, and the results are compared with the results under no thermal load. The vibration mechanism of sealing pair under high parameter working condition is obtained. By comparing and analyzing the results of numerical calculation under different working conditions, the main shaft speed, sealing pressure, medium viscosity, medium temperature and film thickness are obtained to the physical characteristics of the liquid film heat flow field. The thermal deformation and thermal stress of the static ring and its influence on the vibration characteristics of the moving ring provide the basis for the optimum design of the mechanical seal under the extreme working conditions with high parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH136

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