本文關(guān)鍵詞： 履帶起重機(jī) 整機(jī)穩(wěn)定性 動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性 接地比壓 雙折線卷筒　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,我國(guó)正處在履帶起重機(jī)高速發(fā)展階段,設(shè)計(jì)和制造水平均有較大提升,但是與國(guó)外相比較還存在如下一些突出的問題。 整機(jī)穩(wěn)定性方面：主要是研究靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,且基本都是研究正常工作工況下判定的準(zhǔn)則,對(duì)于卸載、起升等工況研究不全面、具體；動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性則主要以動(dòng)載系數(shù)法來處理,沒有一個(gè)比較實(shí)用的判定準(zhǔn)則或方法。鋼絲繩的繞繩、咬繩問題明顯,《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB/T3811-2008中規(guī)定對(duì)流動(dòng)式起重機(jī)不分工作等級(jí)卷筒與鋼絲繩直徑比取16,顯然此規(guī)定太籠統(tǒng),不符合一般性；需要從理論和現(xiàn)代分析方法上總結(jié)比較實(shí)用的雙折線卷筒工程設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則來有效解決鋼絲繩亂繩、咬繩問題。在最大接地比壓方面,沒有考慮履帶邊緣位置接地壓力的變化,引用的還是平均接地比壓的方法。 本課題針對(duì)以上問題,構(gòu)建了整機(jī)靜態(tài)下縱向作業(yè)、橫向作業(yè)、斜向作業(yè)、后方裝好配重、起臂、自裝卸、后方未裝配重和履帶行走裝置、后方裝好配重未裝上節(jié)臂工況下抗傾覆穩(wěn)定性力學(xué)模型；采用極限位能法和極限位移法研究了整機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性判定準(zhǔn)則；對(duì)某一履帶起重機(jī)進(jìn)行了靜動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算。 雙折線卷筒研究方面,研究了卷筒與鋼絲繩直徑比例的選取,根據(jù)美國(guó)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)擬合出卷筒與鋼絲繩直徑關(guān)系的3個(gè)方程作為參考根據(jù)；修正了螺旋升角計(jì)算式,給出了折線段長(zhǎng)度的合理取值范圍；分別推導(dǎo)了鋼絲繩單層和多層纏繞下出繩偏角的計(jì)算式,利用正交試驗(yàn)法研究了計(jì)算式中繩槽節(jié)距等7個(gè)參數(shù)的影響程度,選擇出最佳的參數(shù)組合；通過開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)GUI界面,初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙折線卷筒詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)階段的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)；采用ANSYS對(duì)雙折線卷筒進(jìn)行了靜力學(xué)分析,用按照壓縮應(yīng)力和受外壓厚壁圓筒的彈塑性理論驗(yàn)證ANSYS分析結(jié)果并分析出離心力對(duì)卷筒應(yīng)力和變形影響不大。 履帶接地比壓方面,建立動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)模型,考慮回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)整機(jī)重心偏移,考慮局部產(chǎn)生的接地比壓與整體的關(guān)系,采用履帶支反力分布與比壓分布相似的原則得到履帶邊緣的動(dòng)態(tài)最大接地壓力表達(dá)式。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of high-speed development of crawler cranes, the level of design and manufacturing has been greatly improved, but compared with foreign countries, there are still some outstanding problems. In terms of the stability of the whole machine: it mainly studies static stability, and it is basically a criterion for judging under normal working conditions. For unloading, hoisting and other conditions, the research is not comprehensive and specific. The dynamic stability is mainly dealt with by the method of dynamic load coefficient. There is not a more practical criterion or method for determining. The problem of wire rope winding and rope biting is obvious. In the Crane Design Code (GB/T3811-2008), the ratio of drum diameter to wire rope diameter for mobile cranes, regardless of working grade, is 16, which is obviously too general. It is necessary to summarize the practical engineering design criteria of double broken wire reel in theory and modern analysis method to effectively solve the problem of wire rope tangling and rope biting. In the aspect of maximum earthing specific pressure, The variation of earthing pressure at the edge of track is not taken into account, but the method of average earthing specific pressure is used. In view of the above problems, the whole machine static longitudinal operation, horizontal operation, oblique operation, rear load, arm lifting, self-loading and unloading, rear unloaded weight and crawler walking device are constructed. The mechanical model of anti-overturning stability under the condition of unloaded upper arm is installed in the rear, the criterion of dynamic stability of the whole machine is studied by using the limit potential energy method and the limit displacement method, and the static and dynamic stability checking calculation of a crawler crane is carried out. In the research of double reel, the selection of diameter ratio between reel and wire rope is studied, three equations of the relation between reel and wire rope are fitted according to the relevant product data of the United States, and the calculation formula of spiral lifting angle is modified. The reasonable value range of the length of the broken line segment is given, the calculation formulas of the deviation angle of the wire rope under the single layer and multi-layer winding are derived, and the influence degree of seven parameters, such as the pitch of the rope slot in the formula, is studied by using the orthogonal test method. The optimal parameter combination is selected, the parametric design of the double broken line reel is preliminarily realized through the development and design of the GUI interface, and the statics analysis of the double broken line reel is carried out by using ANSYS. The elastoplastic theory of thick walled cylinder subjected to compressive stress and external pressure is used to verify the results of ANSYS analysis and the results show that the centrifugal force has little effect on the stress and deformation of the drum. As for the specific pressure of track grounding, a dynamic mechanical model is established, in which the shift of the whole machine's center of gravity is considered, and the relation between the local specific pressure and the whole is considered. Based on the principle that the distribution of reaction force of track support is similar to the distribution of specific pressure, the expression of dynamic maximum earthing pressure on the edge of track is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.7

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