本文關(guān)鍵詞： 細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸 尺寸精度 DEFORM ANSYS 數(shù)控車削 讓刀量 補(bǔ)償　出處：《西華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：軸類零件在機(jī)械工業(yè)領(lǐng)域占有相當(dāng)大的比重，是一類不可缺少的重要零件,它主要用于支撐回轉(zhuǎn)零件以及傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩或運(yùn)動(dòng)。軸類零件被大量用于眾多領(lǐng)域中，而這些軸之中存在一種非常特殊的軸，其長(zhǎng)徑比大于20，把它定義為細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸；由于它的長(zhǎng)徑比大、剛性不足以及加工過(guò)程中振動(dòng)等因素影響,在切削加工時(shí)極容易因彎曲而發(fā)生形變，因而極不容易滿足設(shè)計(jì)精度要求。伴隨高科技技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，對(duì)零件的設(shè)計(jì)和制造精度提出了更加嚴(yán)格的要求,針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)加工方法已難以加工出符合設(shè)計(jì)精度要求的細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸，因此尋找新的方法和途徑是未來(lái)提高細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸加工精度的研究重點(diǎn)。 提高細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸的加工精度，主要在于提高細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸的加工尺寸精度。本文采用理論分析—仿真分析—實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證的邏輯思維方式。首先結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外參考文獻(xiàn)對(duì)引起細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸尺寸誤差的眾多因素進(jìn)行了分析，歸納出引起細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸加工尺寸誤差的主要因素包括：徑向力引起的彎曲變形、工件和刀具的熱變形；然后分別建立徑向力作用下的彎曲變形模型、工件和刀具的熱變形模型，并推導(dǎo)出了一個(gè)與細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸切削參數(shù)、材質(zhì)、刀具熱膨脹系數(shù)等相關(guān)的理論讓刀量預(yù)測(cè)公式;接著,通過(guò)DEFORM軟件測(cè)出了切削力的分力-徑向力Fp的大小，為接下的ANSYS仿真提供了仿真參數(shù),同時(shí)DEFORM仿真結(jié)果表明刀具切削加工中刀具溫升T隨時(shí)間不斷增大，在切削初期溫升T急劇上升并趨于熱平衡時(shí)的溫升值；使用ANSYS軟件對(duì)細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸車削加工進(jìn)行了靜力學(xué)分析,并將徑向力作用下的理論讓刀量值和仿真值進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，結(jié)果表明二者具有高度的一致性，并利用MATLAB軟件對(duì)理論讓刀量公式進(jìn)行了預(yù)修正優(yōu)化處理，求得了更為精確的讓刀量補(bǔ)償預(yù)測(cè)公式。 最后論文介紹了一種誤差補(bǔ)償方法，并利用該補(bǔ)償法將優(yōu)化后的精確讓刀量補(bǔ)償公式用于數(shù)控車削加工，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，運(yùn)用該優(yōu)化讓刀量補(bǔ)償公式能顯著提高細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸的加工尺寸精度,達(dá)到了本次研究的目的，同時(shí)為以后細(xì)長(zhǎng)軸尺寸精度的進(jìn)一步研究提供了重要的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Shaft parts occupy a large proportion in the field of mechanical industry. They are a kind of indispensable important parts. They are mainly used to support rotary parts and transfer torque or motion. Shaft parts are widely used in many fields. And there is a very special shaft in these shafts, with a aspect ratio greater than 20, which is defined as a slender shaft, because of its large aspect ratio, the lack of rigidity, and the vibration during processing, and so on. It is easy to deform when cutting because of bending, so it is very difficult to meet the requirement of design precision. With the development and progress of high technology, the design and manufacture precision of parts is required more strictly. In view of the fact that the traditional machining methods are difficult to produce slender shafts that meet the requirements of design accuracy, finding new methods and approaches is the focus of research on improving machining accuracy of slender shafts in the future. Improve the machining accuracy of slender shaft, The main purpose of this paper is to improve the machining accuracy of the slender shaft. In this paper, the logical thinking mode of theoretical analysis, simulation analysis and experimental verification is adopted. Firstly, many factors causing the dimension error of the slender shaft are analyzed in combination with references at home and abroad. The main factors causing machining dimension error of slender axis are summarized as follows: bending deformation caused by radial force, thermal deformation of workpiece and cutting tool, and then the bending deformation model under radial force and the thermal deformation model of workpiece and cutter are established respectively. A theoretical prediction formula related to the cutting parameters, material and thermal expansion coefficient of the cutting tool is derived, and the magnitude of the cutting force, the radial force F p, is measured by DEFORM software. At the same time, the DEFORM simulation results show that the temperature rise T of the tool increases with time, and the temperature rise of the cutting tool increases sharply at the beginning of the cutting and tends to the heat balance. The static analysis of slender shaft turning is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the theoretical value of radial force is compared with the simulation value. The results show that they are highly consistent. By using MATLAB software, the precorrection and optimization of the theoretical tool size formula are carried out, and a more accurate prediction formula for the compensation of the tool size is obtained. Finally, an error compensation method is introduced, and the optimized accurate compensation formula is used in NC turning. The experimental results show that, The precision of machining dimension of slender shaft can be improved significantly by using the optimized compensation formula, and the purpose of this study is achieved. At the same time, it provides an important reference basis for further research on dimension accuracy of slender shaft in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.2

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