本文關(guān)鍵詞： 球軸承 有限元分析 振動響應(yīng) 故障激勵　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：滾動軸承是主軸系統(tǒng)最重要的部件之一，為了更好地檢測軸承運行狀態(tài)，有必要對故障引起的軸承振動響應(yīng)進行分析，得到的結(jié)果可以用來訓(xùn)練神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或支持智能診斷算法，為研制更精確的軸承故障診斷方法提供依據(jù)。軸承局部故障產(chǎn)生的振動信號在傳播時易衰減并淹沒在噪音中，為了提信噪比，各種軸承診斷技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生，如智能軸承技術(shù)等。為此，本文在滾動軸承振動研究的基礎(chǔ)上，在理論上對球軸承振動模型的建立、故障激勵下軸承振動響應(yīng)以及故障振動信號分析進行了研究，，還具體分析軸承外圈不同位置的振動響應(yīng)情況。 首先，從赫茲接觸和潤滑理論出發(fā)，計算接觸副的接觸剛度、油膜剛度和潤滑產(chǎn)生的阻尼，通過編寫MATLAB程序計算它們的大小，并分析結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、幾何參數(shù)、工況條件對它們的影響，最后，把鋼球與內(nèi)外滾道的接觸副等效為彈簧和阻尼器，構(gòu)建兩種軸承振動模型：內(nèi)圈固定外圈自由振動的簡單軸承振動模型和考慮軸承座和軸頸影響的完備軸承振動模型。 利用ABAQUS有限元軟件建立了角接觸軸承的三維有限元分析模型。然后利用軸承模型進行模態(tài)分析，得到軸承各種工作載荷下各階振型和固有頻率。在此基礎(chǔ)上進行了諧響應(yīng)分析，分析軸承外圈不同位置處的幅頻特性；安裝在軸承外圈的傳感器測得的振動信號與在軸承座上測得的是不同的，因此在考慮軸承座變形的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了軸承偏心和偏斜對振動的影響。還在理論上和利用有限元方法分別分析了高頻振動波在軸承中的傳播和衰減情況。 最后，分析在內(nèi)外圈單個局部故障一次沖擊下軸承外圈不同點的高頻振動響應(yīng)情況，主要分析響應(yīng)峰值的大小，得到在軸承徑向力正下方靠近鋼球與外溝道接觸點處的徑向振動峰值最大；分析多個故障點的一次沖擊響應(yīng)情況和特點。還分析連續(xù)故障沖擊的振動響應(yīng)，并且仿真出單個、多個故障的連續(xù)振動響應(yīng)，并分析了頻域圖特性。利用MATLAB編寫了處理振動信號的相關(guān)程序。在軸承外圈應(yīng)用3個微型加速度傳感器進行故障信號的測試實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們都能檢測到故障，并把實驗結(jié)果與理論分析進行比較。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is one of the most important parts of spindle system. In order to detect the bearing running state better, it is necessary to analyze the vibration response of bearing caused by fault. The results can be used to train neural network or support intelligent diagnosis algorithm. The vibration signal produced by the local fault of bearing is easily attenuated and submerged in noise when it propagates. In order to raise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), various kinds of bearing diagnosis techniques emerge as the times require. For this reason, on the basis of the research on the vibration of rolling bearing, the vibration model of ball bearing, the vibration response of bearing under fault excitation and the analysis of fault vibration signal are studied theoretically in this paper. The vibration response of bearing outer ring at different positions is also analyzed in detail. First of all, based on Hertz contact and lubrication theory, contact stiffness, oil film stiffness and lubrication damping of contact pair are calculated. The size of contact stiffness, oil film stiffness and lubrication damping are calculated by MATLAB program, and the structural parameters and geometric parameters are analyzed. Finally, the contact pair between the ball and the inner and outer raceway is equivalent to the spring and damper. Two kinds of bearing vibration models are constructed: a simple bearing vibration model with the free vibration of the inner ring fixed outer ring and a complete bearing vibration model considering the influence of bearing seat and journal. The three-dimensional finite element analysis model of angular contact bearing is established by using ABAQUS finite element software, and then the modal analysis is carried out by using the bearing model. The vibration modes and natural frequencies of the bearing are obtained under various working loads. Based on the harmonic response analysis, the amplitude-frequency characteristics at different positions of the outer ring of the bearing are analyzed. The vibration signals measured by the sensor mounted on the outer ring of the bearing are different from those measured on the bearing seat. Therefore, considering the deformation of the bearing seat, The influence of bearing eccentricity and deflection on vibration is analyzed, and the propagation and attenuation of high frequency vibration wave in bearing are analyzed theoretically and using finite element method. Finally, the high frequency vibration response of the bearing outer ring at different points under a single local failure of the inner outer ring is analyzed, and the magnitude of the response peak value is mainly analyzed. The maximum peak value of radial vibration near the contact point between the ball and the outer channel is obtained directly below the radial force of the bearing. The single impulse response and characteristics of multiple fault points are analyzed. The vibration response of the continuous fault shock is also analyzed, and a single vibration response is simulated. The continuous vibration response of several faults is analyzed, and the characteristics of frequency domain diagram are analyzed. The program of vibration signal processing is compiled by MATLAB. Three micro accelerometers are used to test the fault signal in the outer ring of bearing. It is found that they can detect faults, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical analysis.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.33

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