本文關(guān)鍵詞： 離心壓縮機(jī) 防喘振 模糊控制 MATLAB仿真　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：離心壓縮機(jī)是在石油、化工、冶金等行業(yè)中被廣泛采用的流體升壓輸送機(jī)械，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有著重要的地位。喘振是離心壓縮機(jī)工作在小流量狀態(tài)時(shí)的一種不穩(wěn)定流動(dòng)特性，一旦喘振現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，輕則壓縮機(jī)會(huì)被迫停機(jī)，重則就會(huì)損壞葉片導(dǎo)致整臺(tái)壓縮機(jī)報(bào)廢。因此，防喘振控制的研究對(duì)離心壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行的效率及安全性有著重要的意義。 目前最常使用的防喘振措施是采用固定極限流量法或可變極限流量法，對(duì)壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行PI或PID防喘振控制。但是，固定極限流量法會(huì)降低壓縮機(jī)的效率，造成能量的損失；可變極限流量法比較復(fù)雜，穩(wěn)定性較差；而且PID控制參數(shù)的整定十分復(fù)雜麻煩，存在不確定性。所以目前的防喘振控制還存在著很大的問(wèn)題需要改進(jìn)。 本文針對(duì)離心壓縮機(jī)防喘振控制存在的問(wèn)題，主要做了以下的工作。 首先，通過(guò)對(duì)喘振特性的分析，利用相似換算原理得到了離心壓縮機(jī)的喘振線，為防喘振方案設(shè)計(jì)做好準(zhǔn)備； 其次，提出了“分段”控制的方案，該方案的防喘振控制線為一條折線，只需要對(duì)若干個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)速的喘振點(diǎn)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，，而且算法簡(jiǎn)單，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)，適用范圍大，能夠有效的避免固定極限流量法和可變極限流量法的缺陷，平衡了離心壓縮機(jī)的運(yùn)行效率和穩(wěn)定性之間的矛盾。 然后，采用模糊控制，設(shè)計(jì)了離心壓縮機(jī)防喘振模糊控制系統(tǒng)，并利用MATLAB對(duì)其進(jìn)行了仿真，結(jié)果表明，該系統(tǒng)能夠根據(jù)壓縮機(jī)不同的入口流量及轉(zhuǎn)速及時(shí)的調(diào)節(jié)防喘振控制閥的開度，有效地避免了壓縮機(jī)喘振工況的發(fā)生，并且在取得了良好的控制品質(zhì)的同時(shí)具有一定的節(jié)能效果。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor is widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy and other industries. Surge is an unstable flow characteristic of centrifugal compressor working in small flow state. Once surge occurs, the compressor will be forced to stop. Therefore, the study of anti-surge control is of great significance to the efficiency and safety of centrifugal compressor. At present, the most commonly used anti-surge measures are to use the fixed limit flow method or variable limit flow method to control the compressor by Pi or PID. However, the fixed limit flow method will reduce the efficiency of the compressor. Loss of energy; Variable limit flow method is more complex and less stable. Moreover, the tuning of PID control parameters is very complicated and uncertain, so there are still many problems in anti-surge control. Aiming at the problem of anti-surge control of centrifugal compressor, the following work has been done in this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of surge, the surge line of centrifugal compressor is obtained by using the principle of similarity conversion, so as to prepare for the design of anti-surge scheme. Secondly, a "piecewise" control scheme is proposed. The anti-surge control line of the scheme is a broken line, which only needs to calculate the surge points of several rotational speeds. Moreover, the algorithm is simple, easy to realize and has a wide range of application. It can effectively avoid the defects of fixed limit flow method and variable limit flow method, and balance the contradiction between operation efficiency and stability of centrifugal compressor. Then, using fuzzy control, the anti-surge fuzzy control system of centrifugal compressor is designed and simulated by MATLAB, the results show that. The system can adjust the opening of anti-surge control valve timely according to different inlet flow and speed of compressor, and effectively avoid the occurrence of compressor surge condition. And has obtained the good control quality at the same time has the certain energy-saving effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH452

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