混合動力裝載機動力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與控制策略研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 混合動力 輪式裝載機 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 控制策略 虛擬樣機 出處:《吉林大學》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學位論文
【摘要】:輪式裝載機是重要的土石方施工設(shè)備,被廣泛應(yīng)用于工程建設(shè)領(lǐng)域,其油耗、排放問題一直為各方關(guān)注。混合動力技術(shù)是當前機動設(shè)備節(jié)能減排的主要途徑,是輪式裝載機的重要發(fā)展方向之一。 本文依托國家“863”計劃重點項目——《混合動力系統(tǒng)與節(jié)能型工程機械技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究》,以國內(nèi)某6t裝載機為原型,,對同軸并聯(lián)油電混合動力裝載機進行了研究。研究內(nèi)容涵蓋混合動力系統(tǒng)理論分析、構(gòu)型設(shè)計、參數(shù)匹配、虛擬樣機仿真、控制策略制定等環(huán)節(jié),在部件研究的基礎(chǔ)上進行了整機性能分析,具體研究工作如下: (1)理論及應(yīng)用研究 混合動力基礎(chǔ)理論發(fā)展至今已經(jīng)成熟,即通過發(fā)動機與電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同來調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)動機工作區(qū)域,讓發(fā)動機更高效地運行從而實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排。目前在輪式裝載機上的應(yīng)用尚處于起步階段,除川崎65ZHybrid機型采用行星排耦合裝置外,在研的油電混合產(chǎn)品均為同軸并聯(lián)形式。 (2)整機構(gòu)型設(shè)計 動力系統(tǒng)構(gòu)型設(shè)計關(guān)系著零部件的選配,是系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的重要基礎(chǔ)。串聯(lián)、并聯(lián)及混聯(lián)形式在汽車領(lǐng)域都有成熟的應(yīng)用案例,串聯(lián)形式的實質(zhì)是自發(fā)電的純電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng),對電機功率要求較高,混聯(lián)形式的技術(shù)要求最高,對于工況復雜惡劣的中型裝載機適合采用并聯(lián)形式。 (3)關(guān)鍵部件研究 混合動力系統(tǒng)是在傳統(tǒng)動力系統(tǒng)上增加一套電驅(qū)動裝置實現(xiàn)的,對電機、電池、超級電容、功率逆變器及功率耦合裝置等部件應(yīng)有充分的認識,研究中將關(guān)鍵部件的不同類型進行了對比分析。 (4)工況分析 輪式裝載機作為專用裝備,其動作具有周期性,不同的工作狀態(tài)有不同的功率需求。通過工況分析獲得作業(yè)過程中所需最大牽引力、最高行駛速度即最大需求功率等,為動力系統(tǒng)參數(shù)匹配和控制策略制定奠定基礎(chǔ)。 (5)動力系統(tǒng)參數(shù)匹配 并聯(lián)混合動力系統(tǒng)常用的參數(shù)匹配方法是對整機功率流“削峰填谷”,根據(jù)工況平均功率,功率波動情況及電機、超級電容的工作電壓范圍確定了動力系統(tǒng)各關(guān)鍵部件。 (6)虛擬樣機仿真 借助圖形化仿真平臺——AMESim對經(jīng)構(gòu)型設(shè)計、參數(shù)匹配后的設(shè)計方案進行從部件到整體的虛擬樣機建模和仿真,包括傳統(tǒng)機型和混合動力機型的模型。并在Simulink中編制控制程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)協(xié)同仿真。 (7)控制策略 對混合動力系統(tǒng)常用的控制方式進行了對比,制定了基本邏輯門限值控制、電容SOC最大化控制、電機最小助力控制和結(jié)合了邏輯門限區(qū)域劃分的實時最優(yōu)控制4種控制策略,并結(jié)合仿真結(jié)果對這四種控制程序進行了分析。
[Abstract]:Wheel loader is an important earth-rock construction equipment, is widely used in the field of engineering construction, its fuel consumption, emissions has been concerned by all parties. Hybrid power technology is the main way to save energy and reduce emissions of mobile equipment. It is one of the important developing directions of wheel loader. This paper relies on the national "863" program key project-"Hybrid Power system and Energy Saving Construction Machinery Technology Application Research", taking a 6t loader as the prototype in China. The coaxial parallel oil-electric hybrid loader is studied. The research covers the theoretical analysis of hybrid power system, configuration design, parameter matching, virtual prototype simulation, control strategy formulation and so on. On the basis of the research of components, the performance of the whole machine is analyzed. The specific research work is as follows: Research on Theory and Application The basic theory of hybrid power has been developed to date, that is to say, the engine working area is regulated by the cooperation of engine and electric drive system. At present, the application in wheel loader is still in its infancy, except that the Kawasaki 65ZHybrid uses planetary plate-coupling device. In the study of oil and electricity mixed products are coaxial parallel form. Whole mechanism design The configuration design of power system relates to the choice of parts and components, and is the important foundation of system development. There are mature application cases in the field of automobile in the form of series, parallel and hybrid. The essence of series form is the pure electric drive system of self-generation, which requires higher power of motor and the highest technical requirement of mixed form. It is suitable for medium loaders with complex working conditions and bad working conditions to adopt parallel mode. Research on key components Hybrid power system is realized by adding a set of electric drive devices to the traditional power system. The components such as motor, battery, super capacitor, power inverter and power coupling device should be fully understood. In the study, the different types of key components are compared and analyzed. Analysis of operating conditions Wheel loader as a special equipment, its action has periodicity, different working conditions have different power requirements. Through the analysis of operating conditions to obtain the maximum traction required in the operation process. The maximum driving speed is the maximum required power, which lays the foundation for parameter matching and control strategy of power system. Parameter matching of dynamic system The common parameter matching method of parallel hybrid power system is to "cut the peak and fill the valley" to the whole machine power flow, according to the average power, power fluctuation and motor. The working voltage range of the super capacitor determines the key components of the power system. Virtual prototype simulation With the help of the graphical simulation platform-AMESim, the virtual prototype modeling and simulation from components to the whole are carried out for the design scheme after configuration design and parameter matching. It includes the models of traditional and hybrid models, and the control program is programmed in Simulink to realize collaborative simulation. Control strategy The common control methods of hybrid power system are compared, and the basic logic threshold control and capacitive SOC maximization control are established. The four control strategies of motor minimum power control and real time optimal control combined with logical threshold region division are analyzed, and the simulation results are combined to analyze the four control programs.
【學位授予單位】:吉林大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:TH243
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