本文關(guān)鍵詞： 回轉(zhuǎn)支承 剛度特性 高強(qiáng)螺栓 承載性能　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,起重、挖掘等設(shè)備日漸輕量化,主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)越來越緊湊,承載能力越來越高,回轉(zhuǎn)支承作為重要組成部件,人們對(duì)它的設(shè)計(jì)要求也越來越高。近來一些回轉(zhuǎn)支承按接觸應(yīng)力計(jì)算滿足使用要求,但在使用過程中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)卡死、滾道壓陷、壓裂等非正常失效現(xiàn)象。除部分是由于制造質(zhì)量外,另外兩個(gè)重要原因就是回轉(zhuǎn)支承剛度不足和高強(qiáng)螺栓連接失效。 目前,國(guó)內(nèi)回轉(zhuǎn)支承剛度分析通常只注重滾動(dòng)體與滾道之間的局部接觸變形而忽略滾圈自身變形對(duì)剛度的影響,導(dǎo)致整體變形量計(jì)算不夠精確；高強(qiáng)螺栓連接結(jié)構(gòu)中存在著摩擦、接觸、外載荷偏心、螺栓自身彎曲等特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致設(shè)計(jì)人員在對(duì)其進(jìn)行計(jì)算時(shí)多基于一定的簡(jiǎn)化,將螺栓連接結(jié)構(gòu)理想化。 針對(duì)以上問題,本文充分研究回轉(zhuǎn)支承的結(jié)構(gòu)和受力特點(diǎn),深入研究回轉(zhuǎn)支承剛度分析方法和高強(qiáng)螺栓計(jì)算方法,以彌補(bǔ)當(dāng)前回轉(zhuǎn)支承承載性能分析方法中的不足。論文的主要研究工作和研究成果如下： (1)分析回轉(zhuǎn)支承結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、工作原理和研究現(xiàn)狀,研究當(dāng)前回轉(zhuǎn)支承承載性能計(jì)算方法中存在的問題,確定剛度分析方法和高強(qiáng)螺栓計(jì)算方法研究的必要性和可行性； (2)以交叉滾子式回轉(zhuǎn)支承為主要研究對(duì)象,詳細(xì)分析其工作原理；采用載荷疊加法計(jì)算其滾道圓周上的正壓力,推導(dǎo)出回轉(zhuǎn)支承在軸向載荷單獨(dú)作用下、傾覆力矩單獨(dú)作用下以及軸向載荷和傾覆力矩耦合作用下滾道圓周單位弧長(zhǎng)上的正壓力； (3)基于Hertz接觸理論和ANSYS軟件,建立了能夠考慮回轉(zhuǎn)支承滾圈自身變形的計(jì)算內(nèi)、外圈相對(duì)位移的有限元模型。通過有限元計(jì)算得到了回轉(zhuǎn)支承軸向載荷與變形之間的關(guān)系、傾覆力矩與變形之間的關(guān)系,并對(duì)傾覆力矩作用下滾道圓周上的變形分布情況進(jìn)行了分析,將計(jì)算結(jié)果與現(xiàn)有結(jié)論進(jìn)行比較,說明有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果的可靠性； (4)通過合理的假設(shè),并綜合考慮摩擦、接觸、外載荷偏心、螺栓自身彎曲等所引起的各種非線性,建立能夠反映回轉(zhuǎn)支承用高強(qiáng)螺栓連接性能的三維有限元模型,得到其靜強(qiáng)度、疲勞強(qiáng)度及相關(guān)應(yīng)力的有限元計(jì)算方法。通過實(shí)例分析,對(duì)有限元算法和解析算法的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,說明有限元算法的準(zhǔn)確性； (5)應(yīng)用回轉(zhuǎn)支承用高強(qiáng)螺栓的有限元算法進(jìn)行數(shù)值試驗(yàn),研究預(yù)緊強(qiáng)度、連接基座板厚以及套筒高度對(duì)螺栓連接性能的影響及影響程度。其成果將有效地指導(dǎo)工程設(shè)計(jì)人員準(zhǔn)確完成回轉(zhuǎn)支承設(shè)計(jì),并且其研究思想也可應(yīng)用到對(duì)其它設(shè)備上的螺栓連接處。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, lifting, mining and other equipment increasingly lightweight, the structure of the mainframe is becoming more and more compact, the bearing capacity is becoming higher and higher, and the slewing bearing is an important component. Recently, some slewing bearings meet the requirements according to the contact stress, but in the process of use, they often get stuck and the raceway collapses. In addition to the manufacturing quality, the other two important reasons are the insufficient stiffness of the slewing support and the failure of the high strength bolt connection. At present, the analysis of the stiffness of the rotary bearing in China only pays attention to the local contact deformation between the rolling body and the raceway, but neglects the influence of the deformation of the roller itself on the stiffness, which leads to the inaccuracy of the calculation of the total deformation. There are some characteristics in high strength bolt connection structure such as friction contact eccentricity of external load and bending of bolt itself which leads designers to idealize bolt connection structure based on some simplification. In view of the above problems, this paper fully studies the structure and mechanical characteristics of the slewing bearing, the stiffness analysis method of the slewing bearing and the calculation method of the high-strength bolt. The main research work and research results are as follows: 1) the characteristics, working principle and research status of slewing bearing structure are analyzed, and the problems existing in the calculation method of bearing capacity of slewing bearing are studied. The necessity and feasibility of research on stiffness analysis method and high strength bolt calculation method are determined. (2) taking the cross roller rotary bearing as the main research object, the working principle of the bearing is analyzed in detail. The positive pressure on the raceway circumference is calculated by the method of load superposition, and the axial load acting on the slewing bearing is deduced. The positive pressure on the unit arc length of the raceway under the action of overturning torque alone and under the coupling of axial load and overturning moment; 3) based on Hertz contact theory and ANSYS software, a calculation method is established which can take into account the deformation of the roller ring of the slewing bearing. Finite element model of relative displacement of outer ring. The relationship between axial load and deformation of slewing bearing and the relation between overturning moment and deformation are obtained by finite element calculation. The deformation distribution on the raceway circumference under the action of overturning moment is analyzed. The results are compared with the existing conclusions and the reliability of the finite element calculation results is proved. 4) through reasonable assumptions and taking into account all kinds of nonlinearity caused by friction, contact, eccentricity of external load, bending of bolt itself, etc. A three-dimensional finite element model which can reflect the connection performance of high strength bolts for rotary bearing is established. The finite element method for calculating static strength, fatigue strength and related stress is obtained. The results of finite element algorithm and analytical algorithm are compared to show the accuracy of the finite element algorithm. The finite element method of high strength bolt for rotary support is used to carry out numerical test to study the pretightening strength. The influence and degree of connection base plate thickness and sleeve height on bolt connection performance. The results will effectively guide engineering designers to complete the design of slewing support accurately. And its research ideas can also be applied to bolt connections on other equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH123

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