本文關(guān)鍵詞： 轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué) 有限元 試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) 高速轉(zhuǎn)子　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：各類透平機(jī)組被廣泛地應(yīng)用在工業(yè)上的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。轉(zhuǎn)子作為透平機(jī)械的重要組成部件,其工作環(huán)境越來(lái)越惡劣,設(shè)計(jì)要求越來(lái)越高,這使得轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)工作越來(lái)越困難,因此對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)特性研究就顯得越來(lái)越重要。伴隨著各類旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械各種事故的發(fā)生,轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)的理論研究、分析方法以及試驗(yàn)技術(shù)也在不斷進(jìn)步。 本文首先就透平機(jī)組的轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了理論分析,分析了不同設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和工況參數(shù)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子軸系系統(tǒng)特性的影響,為提升和優(yōu)化現(xiàn)有透平機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,以及對(duì)透平機(jī)組的設(shè)計(jì)工作提供理論依據(jù)。接著簡(jiǎn)單介紹了有限元數(shù)值計(jì)算分析技術(shù)的原理和特點(diǎn),并針對(duì)實(shí)際電廠中的汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組實(shí)例,遵循相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)化原則對(duì)軸承、葉片、倒角等結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化處理,對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸系進(jìn)行三維結(jié)構(gòu)建模,并通過(guò)選取合適的材料參數(shù),最終建立了相應(yīng)的三維有限元模型。通過(guò)加載相應(yīng)的邊界條件,設(shè)置正確的求解條件,利用有限元分析軟件分別對(duì)模型完成了模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析、不同工況的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)計(jì)算、靜撓度計(jì)算等數(shù)值計(jì)算,對(duì)實(shí)際透平機(jī)組的設(shè)計(jì)安裝及監(jiān)測(cè)檢修工作提出了合理的建議。 接著,本文對(duì)模擬透平機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)子低速試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)臺(tái)架的設(shè)計(jì)原則和設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行了闡述,并對(duì)實(shí)際安裝調(diào)試過(guò)程中可能遇到的一些困難進(jìn)行了描述。同樣,本文以模擬汽輪機(jī)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例來(lái)進(jìn)行相關(guān)說(shuō)明。該試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)包括轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)、支承系統(tǒng)、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)、動(dòng)力控制系統(tǒng)、故障模擬裝置、信號(hào)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)等。針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)相應(yīng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)了相關(guān)零件圖紙方案,并選擇了合適的購(gòu)買(mǎi)件。接著,在相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)件和購(gòu)買(mǎi)件齊備后,進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的安裝調(diào)試工作,獲得了大量轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)安裝的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。最后,針對(duì)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的故障模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),提出了相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案和實(shí)驗(yàn)要求。 最后,本文還針對(duì)高速轉(zhuǎn)子臺(tái)架的建立工作進(jìn)行了相關(guān)分析。首先對(duì)高速轉(zhuǎn)子臺(tái)架建立的可行性進(jìn)行了分析,接著提出了臺(tái)架建立和安裝運(yùn)行中可能會(huì)遇到的重難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,最后給出了相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)方案說(shuō)明。
[Abstract]:All kinds of turbine sets are widely used in various fields of industry. Rotor as an important component of turbine machinery, its working environment is getting worse and worse, the design requirements are higher and higher. This makes the design of rotor system more and more difficult, so it is more and more important to study the dynamic characteristics of rotor system. Theoretical research, analytical methods and experimental techniques of rotor dynamics are also progressing. In this paper, the rotor dynamic characteristics of the turbine set are analyzed theoretically, and the effects of different design parameters and operating conditions on the rotor shaft system characteristics are analyzed. In order to improve and optimize the dynamic performance of the existing turbine group rotor and to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the turbine group, the principle and characteristics of the finite element numerical calculation and analysis technology are briefly introduced. According to the actual example of turbine generator set in actual power plant, the bearing, blade, chamfer and other structures are simplified according to the corresponding simplification principle, and the three-dimensional structure modeling of turbine generator shaft system is carried out. Finally, by selecting appropriate material parameters, the corresponding three-dimensional finite element model is established, and the correct solution condition is set up by loading the corresponding boundary conditions. The modal analysis, harmonic response analysis, dynamic response calculation of different working conditions, static deflection calculation and so on are carried out by using finite element analysis software. Reasonable suggestions are put forward for the design, installation, monitoring and maintenance of the actual turbine unit. Then, this paper describes the design principle and design scheme of the low speed test system for simulating turbine rotor, and describes some difficulties that may be encountered in the process of actual installation and debugging. The test system includes rotor system, supporting system, lubrication system, power control system and fault simulation device. The signal testing system and so on. According to the corresponding technical specifications of the rotor test system, the related parts drawing scheme is designed, and the appropriate purchase parts are selected. Then, after the relevant design parts and purchase parts are ready. The installation and debugging of the test system are carried out, and a large number of experience in the design and installation of the rotor test system are obtained. Finally, the related experimental scheme and experimental requirements are put forward for the fault simulation experiment of the test system. Finally, this paper also carries on the correlation analysis to the establishment of the high-speed rotor bench. Firstly, the feasibility of the high-speed rotor bench is analyzed. Then the paper puts forward some important and difficult problems that may be encountered in the installation and operation of the bench, and finally gives the related design scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH113

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