本文關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)及評(píng)價(jià)方法研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì) 環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià) 生命周期評(píng)價(jià) 生命周期成本 TRIZ

【摘要】：伴隨著科技進(jìn)步和工業(yè)化進(jìn)程,人類賴以生存的地球環(huán)境受到巨大破壞,表現(xiàn)在氣候變暖、臭氧層耗竭、環(huán)境污染、資源匱乏、生物多樣性銳減等諸多方面。面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的生存和發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn),可持續(xù)發(fā)展已成為眾多國(guó)家的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)可以從源頭上減少對(duì)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響,是影響可持續(xù)發(fā)展最重要的一部分。研究者已提出大量環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)方法和工具并將其融入設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,但對(duì)如何平衡環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的眾多因素缺乏必要研究,特別是對(duì)如何平衡生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本以改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)缺乏研究,而且如何綜合利用這些方法和工具建立具有一定普適性的設(shè)計(jì)框架也存在問(wèn)題。為此,本文從理論和應(yīng)用的角度對(duì)集成環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)和生命周期成本的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 第一章闡述了論文的研究背景和環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)概念,對(duì)環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)、環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)和生命周期成本的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述和分析,在對(duì)研究綜述總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上提出了論文的研究問(wèn)題,最后給出了論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及組織結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章提出了集成環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)和生命周期成本的環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)模型,運(yùn)用環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)參考模型描述環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。分析了生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本的形成及關(guān)系,利用環(huán)境影響-成本矩陣、基于價(jià)值工程的集成方法和多設(shè)計(jì)要素的平衡模型對(duì)生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本進(jìn)行權(quán)衡。最后給出了環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)方案綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法以及環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施方法的參考模型。 第三章分析了TRIZ與環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)系,提出了集成TRIZ的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程框架和基于TRIZ融合RBR和CBR的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程框架,并對(duì)案例表示、案例匹配算法、設(shè)計(jì)沖突的消解和機(jī)電產(chǎn)品生態(tài)效率的改善等相關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。 第四章分析了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品生命周期環(huán)境影響類型和產(chǎn)生環(huán)境影響的過(guò)程,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響簡(jiǎn)化評(píng)價(jià)模型和方法。系統(tǒng)地闡述了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響因素的識(shí)別和分類、生態(tài)指數(shù)的計(jì)算方法、簡(jiǎn)化評(píng)價(jià)范圍的確定和環(huán)境影響數(shù)據(jù)的獲取方法等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。最后建立了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響簡(jiǎn)化評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析、相關(guān)分析和敏感性分析等分析方法,為改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化機(jī)電產(chǎn)品生態(tài)性提供了反饋信息。 第五章分析了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品生命周期成本的構(gòu)成并提出了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的生命周期成本(包括環(huán)境成本)估算和分析方法。將環(huán)境成本納入生命周期成本,拓寬了生命周期成本的涵義,揭示了機(jī)電產(chǎn)品更真實(shí)全面的生命周期成本,實(shí)現(xiàn)了生命周期環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)和生命周期成本的有機(jī)集成。按照先分解后估算的思想,分面向改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)和面向新設(shè)計(jì)兩種情形進(jìn)行估算方法的論述。最后通過(guò)對(duì)生命周期成本的帕累托分析等分析方法為改進(jìn)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、提高機(jī)電產(chǎn)品經(jīng)濟(jì)性提供了指導(dǎo)性建議。 第六章以某企業(yè)工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)及其主要零部件(轉(zhuǎn)子、汽缸和葉片)為例,進(jìn)行生命周期環(huán)境影響簡(jiǎn)化評(píng)價(jià)和分析、生命周期成本(包括環(huán)境成本)估算和分析。根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)、估算和分析的結(jié)果給出改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)性建議,幫助設(shè)計(jì)者改善它們的生態(tài)性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,從而驗(yàn)證了前述機(jī)電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)方法的可行性。 第七章對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并對(duì)課題未來(lái)的研究方向進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Along with the progress of science and technology and industrialization, the environment for human survival is the huge damage in climate warming, ozone depletion, environmental pollution, lack of resources, loss of biodiversity and other aspects. In the face of grave challenges of survival and development, sustainable development has become the development strategy for many countries. Product design can reduce the negative the impact on the environment from the source, is the most important part of sustainable development. Researchers have proposed a lot of environmental consciousness design methods and tools and integrated into the design process, but the lack of the necessary research on many factors how to balance environmental awareness in the design process, especially on how to balance life cycle environmental impact and cost in order to improve the study design and lack of comprehensive utilization of these methods and tools have a certain general adaptability established design framework is also problematic. Therefore, From the point of view of theory and application, this paper studies the design method of environmental awareness of electromechanical products based on integrated environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost.
The first chapter describes the research background and design concepts of environmental awareness, environmental awareness, environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost of the research at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed to propose the research question on the basis of review and summary, the main research contents and organization structure is given.
The second chapter puts forward the evaluation model of environmentally conscious design and life cycle cost of integrated environment, using environmentally conscious design reference model to describe the environmental awareness of the design process. The author analyzes the formation and the relationship between the life cycle environmental impact and cost, the environmental impact cost matrix, affect the balance of model integration method of value engineering and design elements of based on the life cycle environmental and cost trade-off. Finally, a reference model of implementation method of comprehensive evaluation of environmental awareness and environmental awareness of design methods of design are given.
The third chapter analyzes the relationship between TRIZ and environmental conscious design, proposed the design process of mechanical and electrical products environmental awareness framework and integration of TRIZ and based on the environmental awareness of design process of mechanical and electrical products of TRIZ fusion RBR and CBR framework, and the case representation, case matching algorithm, the key technology of design conflict digestion and mechanical and electrical products eco efficiency improvement correlation was studied.
The fourth chapter analyzes the life cycle environmental impact type of electromechanical products and environmental impacts of the process are put forward based on the simplified model and method to evaluate environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products. Systematically expounded the environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products to identify and classify the factors and calculation method of ecological index, the key technology to simplify the evaluation scope and environmental impact data the acquisition method. Finally established analysis simplified the structure of the environmental impact assessment of mechanical and electrical products, correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis method, for the improvement and optimization of mechanical and electrical products ecological provides feedback information.
The fifth chapter analyzes the structure of life cycle cost of electromechanical products and put forward the life cycle cost of mechanical and electrical products (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. The environmental cost is included in the life cycle cost, broaden the life cycle cost of the meaning, reveals the life cycle cost of electromechanical products more realistic and comprehensive, the life cycle environmental impact integrated assessment and life cycle cost. According to the decomposition estimation idea oriented design and improvement for the new design of two kinds of situations were discussed. Finally, the estimation method of Pareto analysis of life cycle cost for improving the design of mechanical and electrical products, provide guidance and advice to improve the economic efficiency of mechanical and electrical products.
In the sixth chapter, some enterprises of industrial steam turbine and its main components (cylinder and rotor blade) as an example, to simplify the evaluation and analysis of environmental impact in the life cycle, life cycle cost (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. According to the evaluation, estimation and analysis results are given to improve the design of the guidance, help to improve the ecological and economic they are designers, which verifies the feasibility of the design method of environmental awareness of mechanical and electrical products.
The seventh chapter makes a summary of the full text, and looks forward to the future research direction of the subject.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH122

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