本文關鍵詞：電液伺服閥靜動態(tài)特性測試過程中的關鍵問題研究　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 電液伺服閥測試 靜態(tài)特性 動態(tài)特性 影響因素 誤差分析

【摘要】：伴隨工業(yè)技術快速發(fā)展，電液伺服控制系統(tǒng)應用愈加廣泛，電液伺服閥作為其中的關鍵部件，其性能好壞對于整個控制系統(tǒng)尤為重要。電液伺服閥性能測試是研制和使用電液伺服閥過程中不可或缺的一個關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，在電液伺服閥技術飛速發(fā)展的同時，客觀上要求與之相關的測試技術也要進一步的發(fā)展和完善。本文針對伺服閥測試過程中如何提高自動化程度、提高測量精度、減小人為因素影響等問題，以計算機輔助測試技術為基礎，發(fā)揮虛擬儀器技術優(yōu)勢，緊緊圍繞電液伺服閥自動測試系統(tǒng)研制過程中諸如動態(tài)流量的測量、誤差的來源、數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理、配套軟件的設計、減小測量誤差的方法等一些關鍵問題展開研究，主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面： 首先，對影響電液伺服閥的各項性能指標進行理論分析，制定電液伺服閥靜動態(tài)特性的測試方案，重點研究電液伺服閥動態(tài)特性測試的原理和方法，通過測量動態(tài)油缸活塞桿運動速度來間接測量伺服閥的動態(tài)流量，采用掃頻和譜分析兩種不同的方法進行電液伺服閥的頻率特性測試。 其次，完成對測試過程中所需要的包括計算機、數(shù)據(jù)采集板卡、傳感器等主要硬件的選型；設計測試系統(tǒng)的供油方案，通過比例溢流閥和比例減壓閥配合保持油源的穩(wěn)定，通過蓄能器吸收壓力脈動，通過在泵出口和閥入口處設過濾器來保證油液清潔度，通過比例節(jié)流閥完成測試系統(tǒng)自動加載。 再次，詳細研究電液伺服閥動態(tài)特性測試中的各種影響因素：為使動態(tài)測速油缸滿足小質量、低摩擦、少泄漏的要求，基于活塞溶腔最小原則計算動態(tài)測速油缸的尺寸，確定動態(tài)測速油缸的材料及密封方案，估算動態(tài)測速油缸的固有頻率；建立電液伺服閥動態(tài)特性測試系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型，通過Similink仿真來研究動態(tài)測速油缸固有頻率、運動組件質量、管道及油缸兩腔容積以及位置定中閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)等因素對電液伺服閥動態(tài)特性測試過程和結果的影響，從而也驗證動態(tài)測速油缸設計的合理性和測試方案的可行性。 最后，研究通過虛擬儀器實現(xiàn)試驗中所需要的激勵信號發(fā)生和數(shù)據(jù)采集處理等功能的方法；基于圖形化編程軟件LabVIEW編譯測試系統(tǒng)程序，通過軟硬件相互配合實現(xiàn)電液伺服閥靜動態(tài)特性測試的功能；從軟件和硬件兩個角度分析測試過程中誤差的來源，，在軟件方面采取數(shù)字濾波、平滑窗口等措施并在硬件方面采取屏蔽隔離、單點接地等措施來減小測量誤差。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial technology, electro-hydraulic servo control system is more and more widely used, electro-hydraulic servo valve as one of the key components. Its performance is very important for the whole control system. The performance test of electro-hydraulic servo valve is an indispensable key link in the process of development and use of electro-hydraulic servo valve, while the technology of electro-hydraulic servo valve is developing rapidly. This paper aims at how to improve the degree of automation, improve the measurement accuracy and reduce the influence of human factors in the process of servo valve testing. Based on the computer aided testing technology, the advantages of virtual instrument technology are brought into play, and the measurement of dynamic flow rate, the source of error, the data collection and processing are closely surrounding the development process of electro-hydraulic servo valve automatic test system. Some key problems, such as the design of supporting software and the method of reducing measurement error, are studied. The main research contents include the following aspects: First of all, the influence of the electro-hydraulic servo valve on the performance of the theoretical analysis, the development of electro-hydraulic servo valve static and dynamic characteristics of the test plan, focusing on the electro-hydraulic servo valve dynamic characteristics testing principles and methods. The dynamic flow rate of servo valve is indirectly measured by measuring the moving speed of piston rod in dynamic cylinder. The frequency characteristic of electro-hydraulic servo valve is measured by two different methods: sweep frequency and spectrum analysis. Secondly, the selection of the main hardware, such as computer, data acquisition board, sensor and so on, is completed. The oil supply scheme of the test system is designed to keep the oil source stable through proportional relief valve and proportional pressure reducing valve and to absorb pressure pulsation through accumulator. Oil cleanliness is ensured by setting filters at pump outlet and valve entrance, and automatic loading of the test system is completed by proportional throttle. Thirdly, the factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are studied in detail: in order to satisfy the requirements of small mass, low friction and less leakage in the dynamic speed measuring cylinder. Based on the principle of minimum piston cavity, the size of dynamic speed measuring cylinder is calculated, the material and sealing scheme of dynamic speed measuring cylinder are determined, and the natural frequency of dynamic speed measuring cylinder is estimated. The mathematical model of the dynamic characteristic testing system of electro-hydraulic servo valve is established. The natural frequency and the mass of moving components are studied by Similink simulation. The influence of the two cavity volume of pipeline and cylinder and the closed loop system of position setting on the dynamic characteristic test process and result of electro-hydraulic servo valve. The rationality of the design and the feasibility of the test scheme are also verified. Finally, the method of generating excitation signal and data acquisition and processing by virtual instrument is studied. Based on the graphical programming software LabVIEW, the test system program is compiled, and the function of static and dynamic characteristic testing of electro-hydraulic servo valve is realized through the cooperation of software and hardware. The source of the error in the testing process is analyzed from the two aspects of software and hardware. Digital filtering and smoothing window are adopted in software and shielding isolation and single point grounding are adopted in hardware to reduce the measurement error.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH137.52

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