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  本文關鍵詞：高壓容器平蓋區(qū)域有限元應力分析　出處：《河北科技大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 高壓容器 有限元 平蓋 分析設計 應力

【摘要】：高壓容器由于承受較高的壓力,有些情況下還同時承受較高溫度,一旦失效后果十分嚴重。因此,高壓容器的安全問題倍受科學界和工程界的關注。在常規(guī)設計中,高壓容器各部件強度設計一般根據(jù)相應公式進行計算,通過取較大的安全系數(shù)來保障其安全性,因此會造成較大的材料浪費。 有限元方法的引入為高壓容器設計理念和設計方法的進步帶來了新的契機,本文采用有限元方法,運用ANSYS12.1軟件對高壓容器平蓋進行了分析研究,主要工作及結論如下: (1)本文以氨合成塔平蓋為例,通過材料屬性定義、三維有限元模型建立、劃分網(wǎng)格、施加載荷、計算求解和結果分析,完成了氨合成塔平蓋的分析設計,分析結果表明應力值較大的區(qū)域為平蓋上開孔和開槽等結構不連續(xù)處,會產(chǎn)生較大的集中應力,多個集中應力作用在同一個平面上,會導致危險截面的形成,最先引起平蓋失效。 (2)分別建立了氨合成塔平蓋的位移場、溫度場和熱—結構耦合場,通過對兩種工況,即單純機械載荷作用下和機械載荷與溫度載荷共同作用下應力分布結果進行分析對比,結果表明熱—結構耦合場中計算出的應力值與位移場中計算出的應力值相比較均有不同程度的增加,最大應力值增加了97%,即使這樣該平蓋的應力值仍然遠小于設計應力強度值,說明在常規(guī)設計方法中,平蓋的設計偏于安全。 (3)針對上述結果分析出的不合理現(xiàn)象,提出了兩套改進方案。方案一優(yōu)化了平蓋的開孔位置,通過改進前后熱—結構耦合場路徑計算結果的對比,得出減少危險截面上結構不連續(xù)區(qū)域可以改善平蓋的受力情況。方案二在改變平蓋開孔位置的基礎上厚度減小55mm,重量減少12%,熱—結構耦合場校核結果仍然滿足強度要求,說明改進成功,體現(xiàn)了分析設計的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:Because of the high pressure, the high pressure vessel is also subjected to higher temperature in some cases, once the consequences of failure are very serious. The safety of high pressure vessel has attracted much attention from the scientific and engineering circles. In the conventional design, the strength design of each component of the high pressure vessel is generally calculated according to the corresponding formula. By taking a larger safety factor to ensure its safety, it will cause a large waste of materials. The introduction of finite element method brings a new opportunity for the development of the design concept and design method of high pressure vessel. In this paper, the finite element method is adopted. The flat cover of high pressure vessel is analyzed by using ANSYS12.1 software. The main work and conclusions are as follows: 1) taking the flat cover of ammonia converter as an example, through the definition of material attribute, the establishment of three-dimensional finite element model, the mesh division, the application of load, the calculation solution and the result analysis, the analysis and design of the flat cover of ammonia synthesis tower are completed. The analysis results show that the region with higher stress value is the discontinuity of the structure such as opening and grooving on the flat cover, which will produce greater concentration stress, and many concentrated stresses acting on the same plane will lead to the formation of dangerous section. The flat cover was first invalidated. 2) the displacement field, temperature field and thermal-structure coupling field of the flat cover of ammonia converter are established respectively. That is to say, the stress distribution results under the simple mechanical load and the combined mechanical load and temperature load are analyzed and compared. The results show that the calculated stress values in the thermal-structural coupling field are increased in varying degrees compared with the stress values calculated in the displacement field, and the maximum stress value has increased by 97%. Even then, the stress value of the flat cover is still much smaller than the design stress intensity value, which shows that the design of the flat cover is more safe in the conventional design method. 3) aiming at the unreasonable phenomenon analyzed by the above results, two sets of improvement schemes are put forward. One is to optimize the opening position of the flat cover, and to compare the calculated results of the thermal-structure coupling field path before and after the improvement. It is concluded that reducing the discontinuous area of the structure on the dangerous section can improve the stress of the flat cover. The second scheme reduces the thickness and weight by 55 mm and 12% on the basis of changing the orifice position of the flat cover. The results of thermal-structural coupling field check still meet the strength requirement, which shows that the improvement is successful and shows the superiority of analysis and design.
【學位授予單位】：河北科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH49

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 唐海峰;黃勤;丁yN;孟忠良;;基于ANSYS的壓力容器應力分析[J];制造業(yè)自動化;2013年08期

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本文編號：1413200