本文關鍵詞：基于支持向量機的數控機床進給系統(tǒng)滾動軸承故障診斷研究　出處：《青島理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 數控機床 滾動軸承 故障診斷 小波包分解 能量特征量 支持向量機

【摘要】：近年來,我國大力發(fā)展裝備制造業(yè),對數控設備關鍵部件的研發(fā)、生產、制造以及故障診斷方面加大了研究。為了滿足目前生產中對加工質量和精度更高的要求,實現裝備制造業(yè)的全面發(fā)展,國家已將數控設備研發(fā)列入十一五重大科技專項。數控機床加工中,旋轉部件的工作狀態(tài)是保證加工質量的的關鍵因素,數控機床在裝備制造業(yè)中占據著重要的地位,滾動軸承是數控機床中十分關鍵的部件,當機床中軸承發(fā)生故障時,不可避免的對機床產生影響,有數據顯示,目前數控設備中30%的故障是由于軸承故障引起的,軸承一旦發(fā)生故障會嚴重影響生產效率,且狀況嚴重時造成重大安全事故,因此,開展對數控機床滾動軸承的故障在線診斷,監(jiān)測機床軸承的運行狀態(tài),具有重要的實用意義和經濟意義。 本文分析了數控機床進給系統(tǒng)中軸承部件的常用種類,以及滾動軸承的主要結構,在此基礎上確定研究對象為角接觸球軸承,分析了軸承的主要故障形式和形成機理以及故障振動頻率,提出了基于振動信號和支持向量機的軸承故障診斷方法,研究了振動信號的小波包分析方法,將檢測振動信號進行小波包分解,得到小波包能量作為特征向量,最后通過實驗分析對該方法進行了實驗驗證。 首先,從滾動軸承的主要種類、結構特點入手,在此基礎上著重分析了數控機床進給系統(tǒng)滾動軸承的主要失效形式以及各失效形式產生的原因和現象,對失效形式、原因、現象進行了歸納總結；當機床進給軸承發(fā)生故障時,會對數控機床產生影響,本文分析了滾動軸承常見故障對數控機床進給系統(tǒng)的影響；對滾動軸承振動信號的特性進行了深入詳細的研究。 其次,研究了滾動軸承故障診斷軟硬件系統(tǒng)的設計,基于LabVIEW和MATLAB軟件實現故障信號的數據采集和數據分析處理,數據分析主要實現了振動信號的小波包分解以及小波包能量的計算,然后利用MATLAB支持向量機工具箱建立支持向量機模型,實現滾動軸承故障的模式識別。 再次,在西門子數控機床802Dsl上搭建實驗臺,對進給系統(tǒng)滾動軸承的故障進行了實驗分析,驗證了本文基于支持向量機的數控機床滾動軸承故障診斷的有效性。 最后,研究了基于PXI-6281多功能數據采集卡的滾動軸承振動信號的數據采集技術及基于Microsoft Access數據庫的數據管理技術與方法,以LabVIEW為平臺,開發(fā)了由數據采集模塊、數據處理模塊和數據分析模塊組成的數控機床進給系統(tǒng)滾動軸承故障診斷系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country vigorously develops the equipment manufacturing industry, to the numerical control equipment key component research and development, the production. In order to meet the requirement of higher machining quality and precision in current production, the equipment manufacturing industry can be developed in an all-round way. The research and development of numerical control equipment has been listed as a major scientific and technological project in the 11th Five-Year Plan. The working state of rotating parts is the key factor to ensure the quality of machining in NC machine tool processing. The CNC machine tool occupies an important position in the equipment manufacturing industry. The rolling bearing is a very important part in the NC machine tool. When the bearing in the machine tool breaks down, it will inevitably have an impact on the machine tool. At present, the fault of 30% in the NC equipment is caused by the bearing fault, once the bearing failure will seriously affect the production efficiency, and when the situation is serious, there will be a serious safety accident. It is of great practical and economic significance to carry out on-line fault diagnosis of rolling bearings of NC machine tools and monitor the running state of machine tools bearings. This paper analyzes the common types of bearing parts in the feed system of CNC machine tools and the main structure of rolling bearings. On this basis, the object of study is angular contact ball bearings. The main fault form and forming mechanism of bearing and the frequency of fault vibration are analyzed. The method of bearing fault diagnosis based on vibration signal and support vector machine is put forward, and the wavelet packet analysis method of vibration signal is studied. The wavelet packet energy is obtained as the eigenvector by wavelet packet decomposition of the detected vibration signal. Finally, the method is verified by experimental analysis. First of all, starting with the main types and structural characteristics of rolling bearings, the main failure forms of rolling bearings in CNC machine tool feed system and the causes and phenomena of each failure forms are analyzed emphatically. The form, cause and phenomenon of failure are summarized. When the feed bearing of the machine tool breaks down, it will affect the NC machine tool. This paper analyzes the influence of the common fault of the rolling bearing on the feed system of the NC machine tool. The characteristics of rolling bearing vibration signal are studied in detail. Secondly, the software and hardware design of rolling bearing fault diagnosis system is studied. The data acquisition and data analysis of fault signals are realized based on LabVIEW and MATLAB software. The data analysis mainly realizes the wavelet packet decomposition of vibration signal and the calculation of wavelet packet energy. Then the support vector machine model is established by using MATLAB support vector machine toolbox. The pattern recognition of rolling bearing fault is realized. Thirdly, the experiment platform is built on 802DSL of Siemens NC machine tool, and the fault of rolling bearing of feed system is analyzed experimentally. The effectiveness of bearing fault diagnosis of NC machine tool based on support vector machine is verified. Finally. The data acquisition technology of rolling bearing vibration signal based on PXI-6281 multi-function data acquisition card and the data management technology and method based on Microsoft Access database are studied. Based on LabVIEW, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis system of NC machine tool feed system is developed, which is composed of data acquisition module, data processing module and data analysis module.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TG659;TH165.3

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本文編號：1390036