本文關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)控制閥性能優(yōu)化研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 汽車起重機(jī) 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng) 旁路節(jié)流調(diào)速 調(diào)速閥 緩沖閥 壓力沖擊 仿真 優(yōu)化

【摘要】：汽車起重機(jī)將吊裝作業(yè)部分安裝在通用汽車底盤上,具有機(jī)動靈活,行駛速度高,可快速轉(zhuǎn)移等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是工程建設(shè)中必不可少的設(shè)備。汽車起重機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)包括上車液壓系統(tǒng)和下車液壓系統(tǒng),上車液壓系統(tǒng)又分起升、伸縮、變幅和回轉(zhuǎn)四大部分。起重機(jī)的整個上車部分相對于下車部分的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動稱為回轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)前,國內(nèi)中、小噸位汽車起重機(jī)產(chǎn)品的回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)主要采用三位六通旁路節(jié)流形式,在工作時不同程度上存在著失速、抖動和起、制動壓力沖擊過高等問題。這些問題的出現(xiàn)程度與負(fù)載變化劇烈程度、操縱習(xí)慣、主閥閥口特性、液壓系統(tǒng)特性等因素有關(guān)。 本課題以國內(nèi)某公司的25噸汽車起重機(jī)為研究對象,通過仿真建模與試驗(yàn)測試的方法,對其回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,找出引起回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)工作壓力偏高和起、制動壓力沖擊大等問題的原因,提出解決方案并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,達(dá)到了降低回轉(zhuǎn)工作壓力和壓力沖擊的目的。本課題的研究工作對我國中、小噸位汽車起重機(jī)或者其他車型回轉(zhuǎn)閥的設(shè)計、開發(fā)具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義和工程實(shí)用價值。 本論文的主要內(nèi)容可以分為五章,分別闡述如下： 第一章,簡要介紹了工程起重機(jī)的分類、主要生產(chǎn)基地,汽車起重機(jī)的國內(nèi)外使用現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展趨勢,介紹了汽車起重機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分、常用的換向回路以及緩沖補(bǔ)油回路的分類和特點(diǎn)。最后指出課題背景、研究目標(biāo)和研究內(nèi)容。 第二章,分析了本課題所研究的回轉(zhuǎn)控制閥的組成和工作原理。對回轉(zhuǎn)控制閥以及整個回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了AMESim建模,并進(jìn)行了初步仿真分析。建立了回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)負(fù)載模型,并進(jìn)行實(shí)車試驗(yàn)得到負(fù)載參數(shù)的近似值。將負(fù)載參數(shù)代入模型中進(jìn)行仿真,復(fù)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的問題工況,也驗(yàn)證了仿真模型的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。 第三章,在仿真模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)工作壓力偏高和起、制動壓力沖擊大的原因進(jìn)行了深入分析,指出了閥桿回油口安裝調(diào)速閥的優(yōu)勢和不足。分別從降低壓力和降低沖擊兩個方面提出了兩種改進(jìn)方案,并分別進(jìn)行了仿真和實(shí)車試驗(yàn)。 第四章,搭建了專用的回轉(zhuǎn)閥測試試驗(yàn)臺,模擬實(shí)車試驗(yàn)工況,對兩個方案改進(jìn)后的回轉(zhuǎn)控制總成進(jìn)行定量測試,更加詳細(xì)的對比兩改進(jìn)方案各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 第五章,概括了課題的主要研究工作和成果,并展望了將來需要進(jìn)一步研究或者可以進(jìn)行更深入探索的方向。
[Abstract]:The crane is installed on the chassis of GM with the advantages of flexible mobility, high speed and quick transfer. The hydraulic system of the truck crane includes the hydraulic system of getting on board and the hydraulic system of getting off. The rotation motion of the whole part of the crane relative to the part of getting off is called rotation. The rotary hydraulic system of small-tonnage truck crane mainly adopts the three-position six-way by-pass throttling mode, and there exists stall, jitter and rise in different degrees. The degree of occurrence of these problems is related to the violent change of load, the control habit, the characteristics of the main valve port, the hydraulic system and so on. This paper takes 25 ton truck crane of a domestic company as the research object, through the method of simulation modeling and test, the rotary hydraulic system of the crane is studied. To find out the causes of the problems such as high working pressure and rising pressure of rotary hydraulic system and great impact of brake pressure, and put forward the solution and carry on the test verification. The aim of this paper is to reduce the pressure and impact of rotary work. The research work of this paper is about the design of small tonnage truck crane or other type of rotary valve in our country. The development has the important theory instruction significance and the engineering practical value. The main contents of this paper can be divided into five chapters, respectively, as follows: The first chapter briefly introduces the classification of engineering cranes, the main production bases, the domestic and foreign use of automotive cranes and the development trend, and introduces the main components of the rotary hydraulic system of truck cranes. The classification and characteristics of commutative circuit and buffered oil circuit are discussed. Finally, the background, research objective and research contents are pointed out. In the second chapter, the composition and working principle of the rotary control valve are analyzed, and the AMESim model of the rotary control valve and the whole rotary hydraulic system is built. The load model of rotary hydraulic system is established, and the approximate value of load parameters is obtained by actual vehicle test. The load parameters are replaced in the model to simulate, and the problem conditions of the system are reappeared. The accuracy and validity of the simulation model are also verified. In the third chapter, on the basis of simulation model, the causes of high working pressure and high impact of braking pressure in rotary hydraulic system are deeply analyzed. This paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of installing the speed regulating valve at the valve stem return port, and puts forward two improvement schemes from the aspects of reducing the pressure and reducing the impact, and carries on the simulation and the actual vehicle test respectively. In chapter 4th, a special rotary valve test bench is built, which simulates the actual vehicle test condition, and carries on the quantitative test to the two improved rotary control assembly. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two improvements in more detail. Chapter 5th summarizes the main research work and achievements of the subject, and looks forward to the future need for further research or can be more in-depth exploration direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH137

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