面向傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-18 18:33
【摘要】：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是信息技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個新的概念，它是在計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用RFID、無線數(shù)據(jù)通信等技術(shù)，構(gòu)造一個覆蓋世界上萬事萬物“Internet of Things”。作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的重要組成部分，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是當前國際上備受關(guān)注，多學科交叉的前沿研究課題。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本軟件環(huán)境，是眾多無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用軟件開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，它的高效性、靈活性和實時性直接影響到系統(tǒng)的性能，因此很有必要從無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)的角度著手解決無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一些典型問題，例如實時性等。然而，，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點為其操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計帶來挑戰(zhàn)。 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模大、動態(tài)性強等特點就決定了網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點操作系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有模塊化、滿足并發(fā)操作等特點。傳感器節(jié)點也具有低功耗與有限的資源等特點，這也決定了在操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計上要滿足微型化的特點。針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中并發(fā)操作頻繁，通信實時性強等特點，論文設(shè)計實現(xiàn)一種微型嵌入式傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)mesOS，采用事件驅(qū)動的實現(xiàn)機制來滿足系統(tǒng)并發(fā)操作頻繁的要求，在調(diào)度策略設(shè)計上將滿足任務(wù)實時性定為首要設(shè)計目標，目前mesOS包括任務(wù)調(diào)度模塊、時間管理模塊與通信模塊。 在任務(wù)調(diào)度模塊中，任務(wù)被分級進行處理，任務(wù)隊列分為三種優(yōu)先級隊列，并在最高優(yōu)先級隊列中引入搶占機制，為了減少任務(wù)切換次數(shù)，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計了兩個任務(wù)不可搶占原則，高優(yōu)先級隊列中任務(wù)在滿足可搶占條件時才可以搶占正在運行的低優(yōu)先級隊列任務(wù)。在時間管理模塊中，mesOS采用獨立時間控制結(jié)構(gòu)體，用于實現(xiàn)軟定時器，軟定時器通過系統(tǒng)提供的時鐘節(jié)拍進行定時計時，時鐘節(jié)拍源為硬件定時器，時鐘節(jié)拍的精度取決于不同的應(yīng)用。在通信模塊中，mesOS設(shè)計最基本的通信消息數(shù)據(jù)格式，并實現(xiàn)基本的消息發(fā)送和接收功能，對于消息的接收，為了便于對消息的管理，系統(tǒng)設(shè)置消息緩沖區(qū)用于存儲接收到的消息。 最后將mesOS移植測試，測試結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)可以正確運行，并在支持任務(wù)實時性、微型化和靈活性方面取得較好的效果。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things is a new concept in the development of information technology. It is based on the computer Internet, using RFID, wireless data communication and other technologies to construct a "Internet of Things" covering everything in the world. As an important part of the Internet of things, wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a frontier research subject which is paid close attention to and interdiscipline. Wireless sensor network operating system is the basic software environment of wireless sensor network, it is the basis of many wireless sensor network application software development, its high efficiency, flexibility and real-time directly affect the performance of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to solve some typical problems of wireless sensor network from the point of view of wireless sensor network operating system, such as real-time. However, the characteristics of wireless sensor network (WSN) bring challenges to the design of its operating system. The characteristics of wireless sensor network such as large scale and strong dynamics determine that the network node operating system should be modularized to meet the characteristics of concurrent operation. Sensor nodes also have the characteristics of low power consumption and limited resources, which determines the design of the operating system to meet the characteristics of miniaturization. Aiming at the characteristics of frequent concurrent operation and strong real-time communication in wireless sensor network application, this paper designs and implements a miniature embedded sensor network operating system (mesOS,). The event-driven implementation mechanism is adopted to meet the requirement of frequent concurrent operation in the system. In the design of scheduling strategy, real-time task is the primary design objective. At present, mesOS includes task scheduling module, time management module and communication module. In the task scheduling module, the task queue is classified into three priority queues, and the preemption mechanism is introduced into the highest priority queue. In order to reduce the number of task switching, the system designs two non-preemptive tasks. A task in a high priority queue can only preempt a running low priority queue task when the preemptive condition is satisfied. In the time management module, the mesOS adopts the independent time control structure, which is used to realize the soft timer. The soft timer is timed by the clock beat provided by the system, and the clock beat source is the hardware timer. The accuracy of the clock beat depends on different applications. In the communication module, mesOS designs the most basic communication message data format, and realizes the basic message sending and receiving function. The system sets the message buffer to store received messages. Finally, the mesOS is transplanted to test. The test results show that the system can run correctly and achieve good results in supporting task real-time, miniaturization and flexibility.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP368.1;TP212.9;TN929.5
本文編號：2410991
[Abstract]:The Internet of things is a new concept in the development of information technology. It is based on the computer Internet, using RFID, wireless data communication and other technologies to construct a "Internet of Things" covering everything in the world. As an important part of the Internet of things, wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a frontier research subject which is paid close attention to and interdiscipline. Wireless sensor network operating system is the basic software environment of wireless sensor network, it is the basis of many wireless sensor network application software development, its high efficiency, flexibility and real-time directly affect the performance of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to solve some typical problems of wireless sensor network from the point of view of wireless sensor network operating system, such as real-time. However, the characteristics of wireless sensor network (WSN) bring challenges to the design of its operating system. The characteristics of wireless sensor network such as large scale and strong dynamics determine that the network node operating system should be modularized to meet the characteristics of concurrent operation. Sensor nodes also have the characteristics of low power consumption and limited resources, which determines the design of the operating system to meet the characteristics of miniaturization. Aiming at the characteristics of frequent concurrent operation and strong real-time communication in wireless sensor network application, this paper designs and implements a miniature embedded sensor network operating system (mesOS,). The event-driven implementation mechanism is adopted to meet the requirement of frequent concurrent operation in the system. In the design of scheduling strategy, real-time task is the primary design objective. At present, mesOS includes task scheduling module, time management module and communication module. In the task scheduling module, the task queue is classified into three priority queues, and the preemption mechanism is introduced into the highest priority queue. In order to reduce the number of task switching, the system designs two non-preemptive tasks. A task in a high priority queue can only preempt a running low priority queue task when the preemptive condition is satisfied. In the time management module, the mesOS adopts the independent time control structure, which is used to realize the soft timer. The soft timer is timed by the clock beat provided by the system, and the clock beat source is the hardware timer. The accuracy of the clock beat depends on different applications. In the communication module, mesOS designs the most basic communication message data format, and realizes the basic message sending and receiving function. The system sets the message buffer to store received messages. Finally, the mesOS is transplanted to test. The test results show that the system can run correctly and achieve good results in supporting task real-time, miniaturization and flexibility.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP368.1;TP212.9;TN929.5
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