【摘要】：作為近年來研究和應(yīng)用的熱點，云計算受到越來越多的IT企業(yè)和業(yè)內(nèi)人士的關(guān)注，被認為是下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的新模式，將給公眾的生產(chǎn)、生活帶來巨大的變化。借助云計算，網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商可以短時間內(nèi)處理千萬甚至數(shù)億計的數(shù)據(jù)，如同擁有超級計算機同樣強大的處理能力。同時，使用者可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)按需的使用這些資源和服務(wù)，實現(xiàn)將計算作為一種公共設(shè)施由公眾使用的夢想，用戶可以象使用水和電一樣的使用云提供的服務(wù)。 虛擬化是云計算系統(tǒng)的核心組成部分之一，它實現(xiàn)了IT資源的邏輯抽象和統(tǒng)一表示，，使得計算資源充分整合和高效利用，為云計算系統(tǒng)中資源的高效管理和動態(tài)分配分配提供了很好的解決辦法。其中虛擬機實時遷移技術(shù)是最有價值的應(yīng)用之一，也是本文的主要研究內(nèi)容。 虛擬機實時遷移是虛擬化技術(shù)中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。實時遷移是指在保持虛擬機運行的情況下將其從一臺物理主機遷移到另一臺物理主機上，該技術(shù)在負載均衡、系統(tǒng)容錯、能耗管理等方面得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。遷移期間會有短暫的停機時間，用戶不會受到明顯的影響，但是在實時性要求比較高的環(huán)境中，如何降低遷移過程對用戶帶來的負面影響尤為重要。在本文中，作者選擇開源的虛擬機監(jiān)控器Xen作為研究平臺，從如何減少遷移時間和停機時間的角度出發(fā)對Xen虛擬機遷移機制進行研究，并針對其不足進行了改進。本文的主要工作如下： 1）介紹了云計算和虛擬化技術(shù)的概念和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，從服務(wù)器虛擬化、應(yīng)用虛擬化等方面介紹了云計算和虛擬化技術(shù)之間密不可分的關(guān)系。 2）從虛擬機遷移的概念、遷移內(nèi)容、遷移流程以及遷移評價指標(biāo)等方面對實時遷移技術(shù)進行了詳細的分析，并以Xen為研究對象，在深入研究了Xen架構(gòu)、源碼的基礎(chǔ)上，指出其實時遷移機制在高臟頁率的環(huán)境中的不足。 3）針對傳統(tǒng)實時遷移框架的不足，本文提出了優(yōu)化的實時遷移框架，主要是添加了兩個模塊：臟頁統(tǒng)計模塊和臟頁分層模塊。臟頁統(tǒng)計模塊的主要工作是：統(tǒng)計在預(yù)遷移過程中內(nèi)存頁面的變化情況，并以統(tǒng)計結(jié)果為標(biāo)準判定工作集（Writable Working Set，WWS），解決了傳統(tǒng)遷移機制在工作集選擇上的片面性。臟頁分層模塊的主要工作是：根據(jù)臟頁統(tǒng)計模塊的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果，對內(nèi)存頁按照訪問頻率進行分層，對訪問次數(shù)少的頁面予優(yōu)先，對訪問次數(shù)多的頁面延遲遷移，在一定程度上解決了迭代過程臟頁被反復(fù)遷移的問題，有效的減少了遷移時間和停機時間。 4）在研究了Xen實時遷移源碼的基礎(chǔ)上，實現(xiàn)了臟頁統(tǒng)計模塊和臟頁分層模塊。分別提出了臟頁統(tǒng)計算法和臟頁分層算法，通過兩者的協(xié)同工作實現(xiàn)縮短遷移時間和停機時間的目的。最后搭建實驗平臺，驗證了算法的可行性和有效性，優(yōu)化的實時遷移框架可以有效的改善在高臟頁環(huán)境中的遷移性能。
[Abstract]:As a hot spot of research and application in recent years, cloud computing has attracted more and more attention from IT enterprises and industry insiders. Cloud computing is regarded as a new model for the development of the next generation Internet, which will bring great changes to the production and life of the public. With cloud computing, Internet service providers can process tens of millions or hundreds of millions of dollars of data in a short period of time, as powerful as supercomputers. At the same time, users can use these resources and services on demand through the network to realize the dream of using computing as a public utility. Users can use the services provided by the cloud as if they are using water and electricity. Virtualization is one of the core components of cloud computing systems. It realizes the logical abstraction and unified representation of IT resources and makes computing resources fully integrated and efficiently utilized. It provides a good solution for the efficient management and dynamic allocation of resources in cloud computing systems. Virtual machine real-time migration technology is one of the most valuable applications, and is also the main research content of this paper. Virtual machine real-time migration is one of the key technologies in virtualization technology. Real-time migration refers to moving virtual machine from one physical host to another while keeping it running. This technology has been widely used in load balancing, system fault tolerance, energy consumption management and so on. There will be a short downtime during the migration, and users will not be affected obviously. However, in the environment with high real-time requirements, how to reduce the negative impact of the migration process on users is particularly important. In this paper, the author chooses Xen, an open source virtual machine monitor, as the research platform to study the migration mechanism of Xen virtual machine from the point of view of how to reduce migration time and downtime. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) this paper introduces the concept and development of cloud computing and virtualization technology, introduces the inseparable relationship between cloud computing and virtualization technology from the aspects of server virtualization and application virtualization. 2) from the concept of virtual machine migration, migration content, migration process and migration evaluation index, this paper analyzes the real-time migration technology in detail, and takes Xen as the research object, based on the in-depth study of Xen architecture, source code, etc. The shortcomings of its real-time migration mechanism in the environment with high dirty page rate are pointed out. 3) aiming at the shortcomings of traditional real-time migration framework, this paper proposes an optimized real-time migration framework, which mainly includes two modules: dirty page statistics module and dirty page delamination module. The main work of the dirty page statistics module is to calculate the changes of the memory pages in the process of pre-migration, and to judge the work set (Writable Working Set,WWS) according to the statistical results, which solves the one-sidedness of the traditional migration mechanism in the selection of the working set. The main work of the dirty page delamination module is as follows: according to the statistical results of the dirty page statistics module, the memory pages are stratified according to the access frequency, the pages with less visits are given priority, and the pages with more visits are delayed to migrate. To some extent, it solves the problem that dirty pages are repeatedly migrated during iteration, and effectively reduces the migration time and downtime. 4) on the basis of studying the source code of Xen real time migration, the dirty page statistics module and dirty page delamination module are implemented. The dirty page statistics algorithm and the dirty page stratification algorithm are put forward, which can shorten the migration time and the downtime by the cooperation of the two algorithms. Finally, an experimental platform is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. The optimized real-time migration framework can effectively improve the migration performance in high dirty pages environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP302

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