【摘要】：超短基線水聲定位系統(tǒng)利用水聲通信和水聲定位技術(shù)完成海底地震勘探電纜的測量與二次定位，具有聲換能器基陣尺寸小、可移動定位、布放和安裝方便等優(yōu)點，廣泛應(yīng)用于淺海的油氣資源勘探中。水聲應(yīng)答器是超短基線定位系統(tǒng)的水下應(yīng)答部件，固定于海底勘探電纜上并為定位系統(tǒng)提供測量數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)答定位信號。 本課題針對國內(nèi)水聲定位系統(tǒng)在淺海石油勘探中定位距離短、無法多目標(biāo)定位等局限性，設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了一種以MSP430單片機為主控制器、數(shù)字信號處理器為協(xié)處理器的新型水聲應(yīng)答器。系統(tǒng)硬件在器件選型、值守電路選用、功放效率、電源管理等多方面進行了低功耗設(shè)計，降低了應(yīng)答器水下待機功耗；對水下低信噪比的微弱信號拾取做了詳細分析與板級處理，增強了應(yīng)答器抗干擾能力；采用了16位高性能、低功耗的C5000系列數(shù)字信號處理器作為水聲擴頻通信的協(xié)處理器，為算法實現(xiàn)提供了可靠的運算平臺；應(yīng)答器通信方式為Gold碼直接序列擴頻，提高了水下抗多徑、抗衰減能力，同時，正交擴頻編碼的使得定位系統(tǒng)可同時解算多個應(yīng)答信號，，實現(xiàn)了多目標(biāo)定位功能。 通過MATLAB仿真、消聲水池和湖泊的實際測試，結(jié)果表明該應(yīng)答器性能穩(wěn)定可靠，待機靜態(tài)工作電流小于5mA，實現(xiàn)了30米下潛深度、1500米作用距離的大仰角多目標(biāo)應(yīng)答器同時應(yīng)答與定位，達到了預(yù)期設(shè)計指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The ultra-short baseline underwater acoustic positioning system uses underwater acoustic communication and underwater acoustic positioning technology to complete the measurement and secondary positioning of submarine seismic exploration cables. It has the advantages of small size of acoustic transducer array, movable positioning, easy placement and installation, etc. Widely used in shallow water oil and gas resources exploration. Acoustic transponder is an underwater response unit of an ultrashort baseline positioning system. It is fixed on the submarine exploration cable and provides measurement data for the positioning system to respond to the positioning signal. In view of the limitation of domestic underwater acoustic positioning system in shallow water oil exploration, such as short positioning distance and unable to locate multi-target, a MSP430 single chip microcomputer is designed and implemented. Digital signal processor is a new type of underwater acoustic transponder for coprocessor. The hardware of the system is designed in many aspects, such as device selection, duty circuit selection, power amplifier efficiency, power management and so on, which can reduce the power consumption of the transponder underwater standby. The weak signal pickup of low SNR under water is analyzed in detail and processed at board level, which enhances the anti-jamming ability of transponder, and uses 16-bit high performance, low power consumption C5000 series digital signal processor as coprocessor for underwater acoustic spread spectrum communication. The communication mode of transponder is Gold code direct sequence spread spectrum, which improves the underwater anti-multipath and anti-attenuation ability. At the same time, the orthogonal spread spectrum coding enables the positioning system to solve multiple response signals simultaneously. The function of multi-target positioning is realized. Through the MATLAB simulation, the practical test of the anechoic tank and lake shows that the transponder is stable and reliable. The standby static working current is less than 5 Ma, which realizes the simultaneous response and positioning of the large elevation multi-target transponder with the action distance of 1500m and 30 meters dive depth, and achieves the expected design target.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP368.1;TN912.3

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