【摘要】：小腸結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械插入類及灌腸造影類小腸檢查技術(shù)存在一些檢測(cè)盲區(qū)，且患者在受檢過(guò)程中頗為痛苦。新型的膠囊內(nèi)鏡系統(tǒng)可直觀檢測(cè)全部小腸的黏膜及病變情況，檢測(cè)過(guò)程中患者行動(dòng)自如無(wú)不適感，該系統(tǒng)的問(wèn)世填補(bǔ)了小腸檢查領(lǐng)域無(wú)創(chuàng)性、可視化檢查的空白，已逐漸成為小腸疾病診斷的首選方案之一。 分析并比較目前市面上膠囊內(nèi)鏡系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案，并結(jié)合膠囊內(nèi)鏡在臨床應(yīng)用中所面臨的問(wèn)題，提出了一種以FPGA為運(yùn)算控制核心，以Micro SD存儲(chǔ)卡直接進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)保存的膠囊內(nèi)鏡設(shè)計(jì)方案。在該設(shè)計(jì)方案中，圖像采集設(shè)備選用CMOS型圖像傳感器，，傳感器自動(dòng)采集圖像并輸出數(shù)字圖像信號(hào)，圖像信號(hào)交由FPGA處理并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至Micro SD存儲(chǔ)卡保存。該系統(tǒng)由3V紐扣型鋰電池直接供電，其數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、閃光控制、CMOS傳感器初始化及Micro SD卡初始化等邏輯功能則全部由FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)。該設(shè)計(jì)方案的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)在于以FPGA來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和外設(shè)控制功能，F(xiàn)PGA內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)有圖像數(shù)據(jù)接收、FIFO緩沖器、SD總線控制器、閃光控制、傳感器初始化、存儲(chǔ)卡初始化等功能模塊，其中，圖像數(shù)據(jù)接收模塊可按照CMOS傳感器的輸出協(xié)議規(guī)范來(lái)同步接收?qǐng)D像數(shù)據(jù)，SD總線控制器則可按照Micro SD存儲(chǔ)卡的讀寫(xiě)協(xié)議規(guī)范來(lái)輸出圖像數(shù)據(jù)，而FIFO緩沖器則用來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)接收和數(shù)據(jù)輸出的步調(diào)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，基于FPGA和Micro SD存儲(chǔ)卡的膠囊內(nèi)鏡系統(tǒng)可以在640×480圖像分辨率及2fps幀率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下穩(wěn)定工作，單次工作時(shí)間8小時(shí)以上，完全滿足臨床應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:The structure of the small intestine is more complicated. There are some blind areas in the traditional techniques of mechanical insertion and enema examination, and the patients are very painful in the process of examination. The new capsule endoscopy system can intuitively detect the mucosal and pathological changes of the small intestine, and the patients can move freely without discomfort during the process of detection. The invention of the system fills up the blank of non-invasive and visual examination in the field of small intestinal examination. It has gradually become one of the first choice for diagnosis of small bowel diseases. This paper analyzes and compares the hardware design of capsule endoscopy system in the market at present, and puts forward a kind of arithmetic control core based on FPGA combined with the problems that capsule endoscopy is facing in clinical application. The design of capsule endoscopy with Micro SD memory card was used to store the data directly. In this design, CMOS image sensor is used in the design. The sensor automatically collects the image and outputs the digital image signal. The image signal is processed by FPGA and forwarded to the Micro SD memory card. The system is powered directly by a 3V button lithium battery, and its logic functions, such as data transmission, flash control CMOS sensor initialization and Micro SD card initialization, are all implemented by FPGA. The key technology of this design scheme lies in the realization of data transmission and peripheral control function by FPGA. The internal design of FPGA includes image data receiving FIFO buffer SD bus controller, flash control, sensor initialization, memory card initialization and so on. The image data receiving module can synchronously receive the image data according to the output protocol specification of the CMOS sensor and the SD bus controller can output the image data according to the read and write protocol specification of the Micro SD memory card. The FIFO buffer is used to coordinate the pace of data reception and data output. The experiment shows that the capsule endoscopy system based on FPGA and Micro SD memory card can work stably under 640 脳 480 image resolution and 2fps frame rate standard, and the working time is more than 8 hours.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TP333

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本文編號(hào)：2204004