【摘要】：近年來,虛擬化技術(shù)憑借其良好的獨立性、高資源利用率和容易管理的特性備受業(yè)界關(guān)注,已經(jīng)在數(shù)據(jù)中心的系統(tǒng)安全、負(fù)載均衡、服務(wù)器管理整合等方面得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。虛擬化環(huán)境下,一臺物理機(jī)能通過虛擬機(jī)監(jiān)視器虛擬出多臺虛擬機(jī)為用戶提供服務(wù)。隨著虛擬化技術(shù)的發(fā)展,虛擬機(jī)的高可用性成為阻礙其發(fā)展的重要因素。雙機(jī)熱備技術(shù)借助于虛擬機(jī)的跨平臺移植和與底層硬件無關(guān)的特性,采用主從復(fù)制(Primary-Backup)方案,即通過構(gòu)建備份的方法降低系統(tǒng)故障概率來提高虛擬機(jī)的可靠性,實現(xiàn)了低成本、高效率的虛擬機(jī)容錯機(jī)制,已成為保障虛擬機(jī)高可用性的重要手段之一。 與此同時,傳統(tǒng)雙機(jī)熱備技術(shù)在雙機(jī)熱備過程中存在主從虛擬機(jī)間數(shù)據(jù)同步時造成虛擬機(jī)和服務(wù)暫時終止以及影子頁表頻繁銷毀與重建的問題,導(dǎo)致虛擬機(jī)可用性大打折扣,因此,如何提高虛擬機(jī)雙機(jī)熱備的可用性成為急待解決的問題。常用的虛擬機(jī)技術(shù)Xen、VMware和KVM都在虛擬機(jī)可用性方面作出了研究。 論文描述了虛擬化技術(shù)的研究背景、研究現(xiàn)狀及意義,分析了虛擬機(jī)系統(tǒng)的基本原理和實現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),并列舉了幾個典型的虛擬機(jī)例子,重點闡述了基于Xen的傳統(tǒng)虛擬機(jī)雙機(jī)熱備技術(shù)Remuso借鑒虛擬機(jī)動態(tài)遷移中的迭代傳輸思想,提出一種基于雙影子頁表實現(xiàn)零停機(jī)的虛擬機(jī)雙機(jī)熱備方法。該方法采用檢查點機(jī)制,將主虛擬機(jī)工作周期分為運行和同步兩個階段,雙影子頁表交替作為主頁表和備用頁表。運行階段,主頁表記錄主虛擬機(jī)操作,并利用最近最常訪問算法從中挑選頁保存到備用頁表,以減少下次運行時影子頁表的重建時間；同步階段,主虛擬機(jī)不停機(jī),備用頁表轉(zhuǎn)為主頁表,記錄主虛擬機(jī)操作,原主頁表作為備用頁表實現(xiàn)主虛擬機(jī)與備份虛擬機(jī)的同步。實驗結(jié)果表明,該方法在虛擬機(jī)內(nèi)存變化頻繁的情況下對主虛擬機(jī)可用性有較大的改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with its good independence, high resource utilization and easy to manage characteristics, virtualization technology has been widely used in data center system security, load balancing, server management integration and so on. In virtualized environment, a single virtual machine can provide service to users by virtual machine monitor. With the development of virtualization technology, the high availability of virtual machine becomes an important factor that hinders its development. With the help of the cross-platform migration of virtual machines and the characteristics independent of the underlying hardware, the dual-machine hot-standby technology adopts master-slave replication (Primary-Backup) scheme, that is, reducing the system failure probability by building backups to improve the reliability of virtual machines and achieve low cost. Efficient fault-tolerant mechanism for virtual machines has become one of the most important means to ensure the high availability of virtual machines. At the same time, the traditional dual-machine hot standby technology has the problems of virtual machine and service termination and shadow page table frequent destruction and reconstruction in the process of data synchronization between master and slave virtual machines, which results in the virtual machine availability greatly reduced. Therefore, how to improve the availability of virtual machine dual standby becomes an urgent problem to be solved. VMware and KVM, common virtual machine technologies, have been studied in virtual machine availability. This paper describes the research background, research status and significance of virtualization technology, analyzes the basic principles and key technologies of virtual machine system, and enumerates several typical examples of virtual machine. In this paper, the traditional dual-machine hot standby technology based on Xen, Remuso, is introduced in this paper. Based on the iterative transfer idea of virtual machine dynamic migration, a dual-machine hot standby method based on double shadow page table is proposed. This method uses checkpoint mechanism to divide the main virtual machine's work cycle into two stages: running and synchronizing. The double shadow page table alternates as the home page table and the standby page table. In the runtime, the home table records the operation of the master virtual machine, and uses the most recent access algorithm to select the page from which to save to the standby page table to reduce the reconstruction time of the shadow page table at the next run time; in the synchronization phase, the primary virtual machine does not shut down. The standby page table is converted to the home page table and the operation of the master virtual machine is recorded. The original home page table is used as the standby page table to realize the synchronization between the primary virtual machine and the backup virtual machine. The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the availability of the main virtual machine when the memory of the virtual machine changes frequently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP302

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本文編號：2171336