本文選題：3D打印 + 塑料顆粒　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著3D打印產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,熔融沉積技術(shù)(FDM,Fused Deposition Modeling)已發(fā)展成為最成熟的快速成型工藝之一,其中FDM式線型塑料3D打印機(jī)憑借其打印精度高、操作靈活方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到廣泛應(yīng)用,但其進(jìn)一步推廣卻受到耗材成本和材料種類所限制。本課題創(chuàng)新性地采用工程塑料顆粒為原料,旨在開研發(fā)出FDM式塑料顆粒3D打印機(jī)型,對降低耗材成本和拓寬原料種類具有重要研究意義。本文以螺桿式塑料顆粒3D打印機(jī)為研究對象,解決其在進(jìn)料卡塞、出絲不均、打印持久穩(wěn)定性差等方面的問題�；贒EM-CFD耦合模型,首先,模擬分析了在不同進(jìn)料角和螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速下塑料顆粒在輸運(yùn)過程中的運(yùn)動、受力和分布情況,并將該模擬數(shù)據(jù)作為后續(xù)對優(yōu)化方案的評價基準(zhǔn),接下來詳細(xì)模擬了在圓角型進(jìn)料和切向進(jìn)料方案下的顆粒輸運(yùn)過程,重點(diǎn)分析了兩優(yōu)化方案對顆粒所受接觸力和分布均勻性的影響,并進(jìn)行顆粒輸運(yùn)過程的可視化實(shí)驗(yàn)對模型的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證;然后采用歐拉兩相流模型和VOF模型對原擠出頭組件和新型擠出頭組件進(jìn)行模擬,著重分析了在自然工況、單散熱工況、雙散熱工況和雙散熱工況下內(nèi)置鐵氟龍管時新型擠出頭相對原擠出頭在溫度分布、熔融物料分布、流動阻力和速度矢量等方面的優(yōu)化程度;最后,對優(yōu)化后的機(jī)器進(jìn)行樣品打印實(shí)驗(yàn),重點(diǎn)探究了打印速度、打印溫度及層厚對打印質(zhì)量的影響,以匹配得到最佳打印參數(shù),通過持久性打印實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化后機(jī)器的工作穩(wěn)定性。研究結(jié)果表明:在圓角型進(jìn)料方案下,顆粒所受接觸力值有50%~80%幅度的降低,其值大約在10~50N范圍內(nèi),且顆粒線性分布特性有一定幅度的提升,而切向進(jìn)料方案可使顆粒接觸力值降低兩個量級,在整個轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū)間內(nèi)均控制在0~1N范圍以內(nèi),經(jīng)驗(yàn)證模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)基本吻合;與原擠出頭組件相比較,自然工況下新型擠出頭組件溫度分布均勻性得到改善,其溫差基本控制在5~10℃以內(nèi),能量有效利用率由10.25%提高至20.01%,等待加熱時間和流道內(nèi)最大剪切壓力值均降低1/3,同時,單散熱工況和雙散熱工況均可使喉管處溫度控制在顆粒熔化溫度以下,且喉管內(nèi)置鐵氟龍管后可使其溫度進(jìn)一步降低;優(yōu)化后機(jī)器的最佳打印參數(shù)為:打印溫度210℃、打印速度35mm/s、層厚0.10mm~0.25mm,打印質(zhì)量較優(yōu)化前提升一倍以上。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the 3D printing industry, the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) has developed into one of the most mature rapid prototyping processes. The FDM linear plastic 3D printer has been widely used for its advantages of high printing precision and flexible and convenient operation, but its further popularization is subject to the cost of consumables and materials. The project uses the engineering plastic particles as the raw material innovatively. The purpose of this project is to open up a type of FDM type plastic particle 3D printer, which is of great significance for reducing the cost of material consumption and widening the types of raw materials. This paper takes the screw type plastic particle 3D printer as the research object, and solves the problem of permanent stability and stability in the feed jam, the unequal out of the wire and the printing. Based on the DEM-CFD coupling model, first, the motion, force and distribution of the plastic particles in the transport process are simulated and analyzed at different feed angles and screw speeds, and the simulated data are used as the evaluation criteria for the follow-up optimization scheme. Then the scheme of the round angle feeding and tangential feeding is simulated in detail. The influence of the two optimization scheme on the contact force and distribution uniformity of the particles is emphatically analyzed, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the visualization experiment of the particle transport process. Then the Euler two phase flow model and the VOF model are used to simulate the original extruded head components and the new extruded head components. The optimization degree of the temperature distribution, the distribution of the molten material, the flow resistance and the velocity vector of the new extruded head is analyzed in the natural working condition, the single heat dissipation, the double heat transfer and the internal Teflon. Finally, the sample printing experiment is carried out to the optimized machine, and the printing speed is focused on. The influence of the printing temperature and thickness on the printing quality is matched to get the best print parameters. The stability of the optimized machine is verified by the persistence printing experiment. The results show that the contact force value of the particles is reduced by the 50%~80% range under the round angle feeding scheme, and its value is about 10~50N, and the particle is linearly distributed. There is a certain increase in sex, and the tangential feeding scheme can reduce the contact force of the particles by two orders of magnitude. It is controlled within the range of 0~1N in the whole speed range, and the simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental data. Compared with the original extruding head components, the temperature distribution uniformity of the new extruded head component in the natural working condition is improved. The temperature difference is basically controlled within 5~10 C, the effective utilization rate of energy is increased from 10.25% to 20.01%. The waiting heating time and the maximum shear pressure in the flow channel are both reduced by 1/3. At the same time, the temperature of the throat is controlled below the melting temperature of the throat, and the temperature of the pipe can be further improved. After optimization, the best printing parameters of the machine are: printing temperature 210 degrees, printing speed 35mm/s, thickness 0.10mm~0.25mm, printing quality more than doubled before optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP334.8

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