本文選題：嵌入式系統(tǒng) + ARM�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、微處理器技術(shù)和集成電路技術(shù)的發(fā)展，嵌入式系統(tǒng)已成為二十一世紀(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)重要組成部分。Linux操作系統(tǒng)因其源代碼開放、內(nèi)核穩(wěn)定高效、支持廣泛的處理器結(jié)構(gòu)和硬件平臺(tái)、可定制性好等特點(diǎn)，特別是Linux2.6內(nèi)核的快速發(fā)展，，嵌入式Linux已經(jīng)在嵌入式領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。以32位IP核為基礎(chǔ)的ARM嵌入式處理器，具有高性能、低功耗等特點(diǎn)已得到最廣泛的應(yīng)用，并且占據(jù)著32位嵌入式微處理器的絕大多數(shù)市場(chǎng)份額。嵌入式Linux與ARM處理器的結(jié)合，更是嵌入式技術(shù)領(lǐng)域一種主流的解決方案。在ARM處理器上構(gòu)建嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)具有巨大的實(shí)用價(jià)值。 嵌入式系統(tǒng)是由硬件和軟件相結(jié)合組成的具有特定功能、用于特定場(chǎng)合的獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)。嵌入式系統(tǒng)在體積、功耗和成本等方面的特殊要求，決定了在設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)嵌入式系統(tǒng)時(shí)必須根據(jù)硬件和應(yīng)用需求量身定制其軟件系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng)軟件部分通常由Bootloader、嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核和根文件系統(tǒng)三個(gè)基本部分構(gòu)成。嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過程中必須結(jié)合硬件和應(yīng)用需求對(duì)三個(gè)基本部分進(jìn)行合理的設(shè)計(jì)和配置，以達(dá)到在特定硬件環(huán)境下構(gòu)建滿足應(yīng)用要求的軟件系統(tǒng)的目的。 本論文研究和探討了基于ARM處理器的嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。論文首先研究了嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)交叉編譯環(huán)境的構(gòu)建，使用Crosstool腳本工具實(shí)現(xiàn)一次性編譯生成交叉編譯工具鏈；然后詳細(xì)分析了系統(tǒng)引導(dǎo)程序Bootloader的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理，研究了課題所使用的U-Boot的結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)現(xiàn)，擴(kuò)展了嵌入式Linux的引導(dǎo)方式；接下來詳細(xì)討論了Linux2.6內(nèi)核源代碼樹的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定需要修改和裁剪的模塊與文件。針對(duì)目前較新的2.6版Linux內(nèi)核源碼進(jìn)行配置、編譯和移植；最后研究了嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)根文件系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)建，制作了一個(gè)基于Cramfs的文件系統(tǒng)作為嵌入式系統(tǒng)的根文件系統(tǒng)，并使用BusyBox和μClibc縮小了根文件系統(tǒng)的大小。通過使用本論文討論的方法和技巧能夠方便快捷的構(gòu)建一個(gè)基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology, microprocessor technology and integrated circuit technology, embedded system has become an important part of computer application field in 21 century. It supports a wide range of processor architectures and hardware platforms and has good customizability. Especially with the rapid development of the Linux2.6 kernel embedded Linux has been used more and more widely in the embedded field. ARM embedded processor based on 32-bit IP core has been widely used in many fields, such as high performance and low power consumption, and it occupies most of the market share of 32-bit embedded microprocessor. The combination of embedded Linux and ARM processor is a mainstream solution in the field of embedded technology. It is of great practical value to build embedded Linux system on ARM processor. Embedded system is an independent system which is composed of hardware and software. The special requirements of embedded system in volume, power consumption and cost determine that the software system must be customized according to the requirement of hardware and application when designing and developing embedded system. A typical embedded system software is usually composed of three basic parts: Bootloader, embedded operating system kernel and root file system. In the process of embedded system development, three basic parts must be reasonably designed and configured in combination with hardware and application requirements to achieve the purpose of building software system that meets the requirements of application in a specific hardware environment. This paper studies and discusses the key technology of embedded Linux system based on ARM processor. This paper first studies the construction of cross-compiling environment of embedded Linux system, and uses Crosstool script tool to realize one-off compiling and generating cross-compiling tool chain, and then analyzes the implementation principle of system bootstrap Bootloader in detail. This paper studies the structure and implementation of the U-Boot used in the project, and extends the boot mode of embedded Linux. Then, the structure of the Linux2.6 kernel source tree is discussed in detail, and the modules and files that need to be modified and clipped are determined. The source code of Linux kernel of version 2.6 is configured, compiled and transplanted. Finally, the creation of root file system of embedded Linux system is studied, and a file system based on Cramfs is developed as the root file system of embedded system. And using BusyBox and 渭 Clibc to reduce the size of the root file system. By using the methods and techniques discussed in this paper, an embedded Linux system based on ARM can be constructed conveniently and quickly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TP368.1

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本文編號(hào)：1985259