本文選題：嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng) + VxWorks　； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)80年代初，美國風(fēng)河公司（Wind River）專門為嵌入式的微處理器，研發(fā)了一款實(shí)時(shí)多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)，這款系統(tǒng)具有模塊化高以及性能高等特點(diǎn)，這款操作系統(tǒng)就是VxWorks操作系統(tǒng)，從面世以來，在多個(gè)關(guān)鍵行業(yè)被廣泛的使用和驗(yàn)證，這其中包括通信、航天、軍事等等。 VxWorks系統(tǒng)適用于各種體系結(jié)構(gòu)的硬件，其中當(dāng)然包括日常到處能夠接觸到的PC體系結(jié)構(gòu)。VxWorks系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)特性是指，在開發(fā)者規(guī)定的時(shí)間里，將規(guī)定的功能都執(zhí)行結(jié)束，同時(shí)一旦有外部來的異步事件，也能夠在這個(gè)規(guī)定的時(shí)間里做出響應(yīng)。 嵌入式系統(tǒng)通常來說調(diào)試方法是通過PC(宿主機(jī))上的集成開發(fā)環(huán)境，交叉編譯針對指定電路板(或者目標(biāo)機(jī))的程序，然后將編譯好的程序通過目標(biāo)機(jī)的接口（JTAG、串口或網(wǎng)口等途徑）下載到目標(biāo)機(jī)上運(yùn)行。正因?yàn)檫@樣，為了建立一個(gè)完整的嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用環(huán)境，具有一臺包括CPU、存儲器及I/O電路(構(gòu)造完整的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng))的目標(biāo)機(jī)通常來說是必不可少的。 但往往來說，不是所有的程序員都能擁有一塊現(xiàn)成的目標(biāo)板。若在這種情況下，如何才能夠建立出一個(gè)模擬的開發(fā)系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的效果就和具有完全真實(shí)的目標(biāo)板一樣呢？ 虛擬機(jī)（Virtual Machine）通常是指通過軟件自身模擬出來具有完全的硬件系統(tǒng)功能的、能夠在完全隔離環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的一個(gè)完整的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。利用虛擬機(jī)軟件，能夠在一臺真實(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)上模擬出來一臺或數(shù)臺虛擬的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，這些模擬出來的虛擬機(jī)可以像真正的計(jì)算機(jī)一樣的工作和運(yùn)行軟件。在常用的虛擬機(jī)軟件中又以軟件VMware的應(yīng)用最為廣泛。 通過虛擬機(jī)軟件VMware，完全能夠建立基于Intel CPU的虛擬計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)平臺，其中包括BIOS、CPU、硬盤以及其他的硬件外圍設(shè)備等。本文將介紹如何在VMware軟件提供的虛擬環(huán)境上成功安裝VxWorks操作系統(tǒng)，由于可以在一臺計(jì)算機(jī)上建立完整的VxWorks系統(tǒng)開發(fā)環(huán)境，所以這樣一來能夠有效的降低在項(xiàng)目初期不具備硬件平臺時(shí)的開發(fā)成本。 本文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述： (1)嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)VxWorks及其開發(fā)環(huán)境Tornado介紹，對VxWorks的特點(diǎn)、與通用操作系統(tǒng)的比較、模塊進(jìn)行了分析，，對Tornado開發(fā)環(huán)境的主要應(yīng)用工具都進(jìn)行了介紹； (2)利用VMware軟件模擬真實(shí)的目標(biāo)機(jī)，對VMware軟件的原理、安裝進(jìn)行了介紹，如何建立不同加載方式的虛擬系統(tǒng)，包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)加載和硬盤加載方式，對這兩種不同類型虛擬機(jī)的設(shè)置分別做了說明； (3)對網(wǎng)卡驅(qū)動(dòng)程序進(jìn)行修改，根據(jù)用戶需求修改配置文件，構(gòu)建VMware虛擬PC上VxWorks BSP包，利用虛擬軟驅(qū)工具制作引導(dǎo)磁盤，建立Bootrom引導(dǎo)文件和映像文件； (4)修改Tornado相關(guān)設(shè)置，配置FTP服務(wù)器，連接宿主機(jī)與目標(biāo)機(jī)，建立調(diào)試通道，并且通過運(yùn)行自己編譯的一個(gè)小程序來驗(yàn)證調(diào)試通道的正常與否； (5)在虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)串行通訊以及對畫面的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)等工作，使虛擬系統(tǒng)能夠達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)的預(yù)期目標(biāo)，能夠在一臺計(jì)算機(jī)上建立完整的VxWorks系統(tǒng)開發(fā)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:In the early 80s of the last century, the America Wind River Corporation (Wind River) developed a real-time multitasking operating system specially for embedded microprocessors. This system is characterized by high modularity and high performance. This operating system is the VxWorks operating system, which is widely used and verified in several key industries. It includes communication, space, military and so on.
The VxWorks system is suitable for various architecture hardware, including, of course, the real-time features of the PC architecture.VxWorks system that can be exposed to every day, which means that the specified functions are executed at the time specified by the developer, and the asynchronous events from the outside can make a response in this specified time. It should.
Embedded systems usually debug through the integrated development environment on the PC (host host), cross compiling programs for the specified circuit board (or target), and then downloading the compiled program through the target's interface (JTAG, serial port or network port) to run on the target machine. Embedded system application environment is usually necessary for a target machine including CPU, memory and I/O circuit.
But often, not all programmers can have a ready-made target board. In this case, how can we build an analog development system that is the same as a completely real target board?
Virtual Machine (virtual machine) is usually a complete computer system capable of running in a completely isolated environment through the simulation of the software itself. Using the virtual machine software, one or a number of virtual computer systems can be simulated on a real computer, which are simulated. The virtual machine can work and run like a real computer. In the commonly used virtual machine software, the application of software VMware is the most widely used.
Through the virtual machine software VMware, the virtual computer system platform based on Intel CPU is completely built, including BIOS, CPU, hard disk and other hardware peripherals. This article will introduce how to successfully install the VxWorks operating system in the virtual environment provided by VMware software, because the complete VxW can be built on a computer. Orks system development environment, so it can effectively reduce the development cost of hardware platform at the beginning of the project.
This article mainly expounds from the following aspects:
(1) the embedded real time operating system VxWorks and its development environment Tornado are introduced. The characteristics of VxWorks, the comparison with the general operating system, the module are analyzed, and the main application tools of the Tornado development environment are introduced.
(2) using VMware software to simulate the real target machine, introduce the principle and installation of VMware software, how to establish different loading mode virtual systems, including network loading and hard disk loading mode, and explain the setting of the two different types of virtual machines respectively.
(3) modify the driver of the network card, modify the configuration file according to the user's needs, construct the VxWorks BSP packet on the VMware virtual PC, make the boot disk by using the virtual floppy drive tool, and establish the Bootrom boot file and image file.
(4) modify the Tornado related settings, configure the FTP server, connect the host and the target machine, establish the debug channel, and verify the normal of the debug channel by running a small program compiled by you.
(5) the implementation of the serial communication and the design and development of the picture in the virtual machine environment makes the virtual system achieve the intended target of the design, and can establish a complete VxWorks system development environment on a computer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP302;TP316.2

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