本文選題：計算機系統(tǒng) + 體系結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《計算機學(xué)報》2017年09期

【摘要】：計算機系統(tǒng)由許多連通的層和子系統(tǒng)組成,這些層和子系統(tǒng)的交互模式復(fù)雜,整體體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計尤為重要.在計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)演變的過程中形成了一些基本設(shè)計原理,其中層次設(shè)計是設(shè)計大規(guī)模系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的有效途徑.從Dijkstra的工作開始,計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的層次設(shè)計原理已經(jīng)被提出很長時間,是計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的重要組成部分.它廣泛存在于計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、云計算、網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬化、軟件工程以及計算機科學(xué)的很多其他分支.計算機科學(xué)技術(shù)的演變和革新異常頻繁,適用范圍廣的層次設(shè)計模型框架和層次設(shè)計方法尤為重要.雖然有不少工作對體系結(jié)構(gòu)層次設(shè)計進行研究,但很少有工作對層次設(shè)計原則和方法的內(nèi)涵進行探索,同時缺少統(tǒng)一的層次設(shè)計模型框架和評價指標.現(xiàn)有工作的不足主要表現(xiàn)為:(1)對計算機系統(tǒng)層次設(shè)計的描述通常是非形式化闡述;(2)現(xiàn)有的層次設(shè)計分析以具體系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用分析為主,缺少對層次設(shè)計機制內(nèi)涵的理解分析;(3)現(xiàn)有層次設(shè)計模型主要局限于所研究的對象系統(tǒng),缺少統(tǒng)一的層次設(shè)計模型框架和評價指標.針對計算機系統(tǒng)層次結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的上述不足,該文首先給出了層次設(shè)計相關(guān)的基本概念及其形式化定義,然后對層次設(shè)計研究現(xiàn)狀從層次模型設(shè)計、層次構(gòu)件設(shè)計、層次跨層設(shè)計和層次覆蓋設(shè)計四個方面進行歸類綜述.層次模型設(shè)計主要包含層次描述模型和層次量化模型,對層次結(jié)構(gòu)針對對象系統(tǒng)特征進行數(shù)學(xué)描述和推導(dǎo);層次構(gòu)件設(shè)計將層次結(jié)構(gòu)的某一子結(jié)構(gòu)以單一或較少模塊抽象來實現(xiàn);層次跨層設(shè)計是指打破既定層次結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)特定需求生成新的層間交互關(guān)系;層次覆蓋主要是指以虛擬節(jié)點和邏輯連接構(gòu)成的靈活的虛擬平面設(shè)計.在此基礎(chǔ)上,對層次設(shè)計的內(nèi)涵、設(shè)計原則、主要機制和設(shè)計路徑進行探究和歸納.該文認為簡化和效率是計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)層次設(shè)計的兩個設(shè)計原則,抽象和虛擬是支撐設(shè)計原則的兩個設(shè)計機制.相應(yīng)地,該文給出計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)層次設(shè)計復(fù)雜性和性能的模型評價框架,得到一些基本定理.該文還對超級計算機系統(tǒng)、軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)和云計算三個層次設(shè)計經(jīng)典系統(tǒng)例子進行討論,并在文章的結(jié)尾對計算機系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)層次設(shè)計的進一步研究進行展望.
[Abstract]:The computer system is composed of many connected layers and subsystems. The interaction patterns of these layers and subsystems are complex, so it is very important to design the whole architecture. During the evolution of computer system architecture, some basic design principles have been formed, among which hierarchical design is an effective way to design large-scale system architecture. Since the work of Dijkstra, the principle of hierarchical design of computer system architecture has been put forward for a long time, which is an important part of computer system architecture design. It is widely used in computer architecture design, network architecture design, cloud computing, network virtualization, software engineering and many other branches of computer science. The evolution and innovation of computer science and technology are very frequent, so it is very important to apply the framework of hierarchical design model and the method of hierarchical design. Although there is a lot of work to study the hierarchical design of architecture, there is little work to explore the connotation of the principles and methods of hierarchical design, and there is a lack of unified hierarchical design model framework and evaluation index. The main deficiency of the present work is that the description of computer system hierarchy design is usually not formalized. 2) the existing hierarchical design analysis is based on concrete system and application analysis. Lack of understanding and Analysis of the connotation of hierarchical Design Mechanism the existing hierarchical design model is mainly limited to the object system studied, and lacks a unified hierarchical design model framework and evaluation index. In view of the above shortcomings of hierarchical design of computer systems, this paper first gives the basic concepts and formal definitions of hierarchical design, and then studies the present situation of hierarchical design from the aspects of hierarchical model design, hierarchical component design, and so on. This paper summarizes four aspects of hierarchical cross-layer design and hierarchical coverage design. The hierarchical model design mainly includes the hierarchical description model and the hierarchical quantization model. The hierarchical structure is mathematically described and deduced according to the characteristics of the object system. Hierarchical component design abstracts a certain sub-structure of the hierarchy as a single or fewer modules, and hierarchical cross-layer design means to break down the established hierarchy and generate new interlayer interactions according to specific requirements. Hierarchical coverage is a flexible virtual plane design composed of virtual nodes and logical connections. On this basis, the connotation, design principle, main mechanism and design path of hierarchical design are explored and summarized. This paper holds that simplification and efficiency are two design principles in the hierarchical design of computer system architecture, and abstract and virtual are the two design mechanisms supporting the design principles. Accordingly, a model evaluation framework for the complexity and performance of hierarchical design of computer system architecture is presented, and some basic theorems are obtained. This paper also discusses the classic design examples of supercomputer system, software-defined network and cloud computing. At the end of the paper, the further research on the hierarchical design of computer system architecture is prospected.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)系;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(61472199) 清華大學(xué)自主科研項目(20121087999)資助~~
【分類號】：TP303

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