本文選題：超高頻 + RFID��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：射頻識別(RFID, Radio Frequency Identification)技術(shù)是一門融合了多學(xué)科的應(yīng)用技術(shù),涵蓋了微波電磁學(xué)理論、通信原理、嵌入式系統(tǒng)以及集成電路等技術(shù)。其主要是通過電磁波技術(shù)與標(biāo)簽傳輸信息,其中的無源標(biāo)簽可以依靠信號中的能量工作；集成電路技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得RFID技術(shù)中的器件體積越來越小,功耗越來越低,性能越來越好。而與嵌入式技術(shù)的結(jié)合使得應(yīng)用方式更靈活,應(yīng)用范圍更廣�，F(xiàn)在RFID已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于交通管制、門禁安防、工業(yè)自動(dòng)化等眾多行業(yè),明顯成為一項(xiàng)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。近幾年來RFID在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用中的表現(xiàn)更是受人矚目,是構(gòu)建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中不可或缺的一部分,其標(biāo)簽的封裝多樣性完全適用于附著在各式各樣的物品上。 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet Of Things)就是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)將物與物、人與物聯(lián)系起來,達(dá)到信息共享、智能管理的目標(biāo)。起初RFID技術(shù)只是應(yīng)用在組建傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,對于傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)和智能管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)則是有心無力。但是隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和嵌入式技術(shù)的發(fā)展,這三層理論上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中已經(jīng)不那么明顯。RFID技術(shù)結(jié)合嵌入式系統(tǒng)完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一套簡易、小型的物聯(lián)網(wǎng),而且方便擴(kuò)展,完全可以在硬件不變的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合PC端的軟件或者服務(wù)器端的數(shù)據(jù)庫,就能形成一套比較完整的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。本次設(shè)計(jì)雖然注重于RFID單項(xiàng)技術(shù),但是同時(shí)也留下許多可方便與嵌入式系統(tǒng)結(jié)合的接口,例如網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口,can總線協(xié)議以及常用的RS232和485總線。除此之外,還加入專用芯片設(shè)計(jì)和提供低功耗設(shè)計(jì)方法。 本課題的研究內(nèi)容主要是設(shè)計(jì)一套超高頻(915Mhz)的RFID實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),其中包括超高頻射頻電路的設(shè)計(jì)、測試電路的設(shè)計(jì)、協(xié)議的功能和演示設(shè)計(jì)以及防碰撞算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)。其中射頻電路和協(xié)議的實(shí)現(xiàn)只是實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的根本,在此基礎(chǔ)上,加入了測試電路,方便演示和實(shí)驗(yàn)；并對協(xié)議進(jìn)行拆解處理,方便學(xué)習(xí)；同時(shí)在程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的時(shí)候留出防碰撞算法的接口,方便學(xué)生通過平臺(tái)測試自己的防碰撞算法。同時(shí)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)低功耗設(shè)計(jì),本次平臺(tái)還加入了專用芯片的設(shè)計(jì)方案,可方便實(shí)現(xiàn)低功耗的設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)合調(diào)試系統(tǒng)時(shí)所遇到的問題以及平臺(tái)所特有的電路結(jié)構(gòu),在第五章節(jié)描述了進(jìn)行不同實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)電路的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)。 本文依次從方案確定、芯片選取、電路設(shè)計(jì)以及程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)等方面,結(jié)合理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用講解設(shè)計(jì)的方法和理由。
[Abstract]:RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a multi-disciplinary application technology, including microwave electromagnetic theory, communication principle, embedded system and integrated circuit technology. It mainly transmits information through electromagnetic wave technology and tag, in which passive tag can work by energy in signal, the development of integrated circuit technology makes the device in RFID technology smaller and smaller, and the power consumption is lower and lower. The performance is getting better and better. And the combination with embedded technology makes the application more flexible and the scope of application wider. Now RFID has been widely used in many industries, such as traffic control, entrance guard, industrial automation and so on, and has become a new economic growth point. In recent years, the performance of RFID in the application of the Internet of things has attracted more and more attention. It is an indispensable part of building the sensor network of the Internet of things, and the packaging diversity of its label is completely applicable to all kinds of objects attached to it. Internet of things (Internet of things) is to connect things with things, people and things through the network to achieve the goal of information sharing and intelligent management. At first, RFID technology was only used to build sensor networks, but it was powerless for transmission networks and intelligent management networks. However, with the development of network technology and embedded technology, the three-layer theoretical network structure has become less obvious in practical application. RFID technology combined with embedded system can completely realize a set of simple, small Internet of things, and it is easy to expand. It is possible to combine PC software or server database on the basis of the same hardware, and form a relatively complete Internet of things system. Although this design focuses on the single RFID technology, it also leaves many interfaces that can be easily combined with embedded system, such as the network interface can bus protocol and the commonly used RS232 and 485 bus. In addition, special chip design and low-power design methods are added. The main research content of this thesis is to design a set of UHF (915MHz) RFID experimental platform, including the design of UHF RF circuit, the design of test circuit, the function and demonstration design of protocol and the realization of anti-collision algorithm. The realization of RF circuit and protocol is only the basis of the experimental platform. On this basis, the test circuit is added to facilitate the demonstration and experiment, and the protocol is disassembled to facilitate learning. At the same time, the interface of anti-collision algorithm is set aside when the program is implemented, which is convenient for students to test their anti-collision algorithm through the platform. At the same time, in order to achieve low power design, the platform also added a special chip design scheme, which can facilitate the implementation of low power design. Combined with the problems encountered in debugging the system and the unique circuit structure of the platform, the optimal structure of the circuit in different experiments is described in the fifth chapter. In this paper, the method and reason of the design are explained from the following aspects: scheme determination, chip selection, circuit design and program realization, combined with theory and practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP391.44;TP368.1

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