本文選題：超高頻 + RFID�。� 參考：《山東大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：射頻識別(RFID, Radio Frequency Identification)技術是一門融合了多學科的應用技術,涵蓋了微波電磁學理論、通信原理、嵌入式系統(tǒng)以及集成電路等技術。其主要是通過電磁波技術與標簽傳輸信息,其中的無源標簽可以依靠信號中的能量工作；集成電路技術的發(fā)展使得RFID技術中的器件體積越來越小,功耗越來越低,性能越來越好。而與嵌入式技術的結合使得應用方式更靈活,應用范圍更廣�，F在RFID已經廣泛應用于交通管制、門禁安防、工業(yè)自動化等眾多行業(yè),明顯成為一項新的經濟增長點。近幾年來RFID在物聯網應用中的表現更是受人矚目,是構建物聯網的傳感網絡中不可或缺的一部分,其標簽的封裝多樣性完全適用于附著在各式各樣的物品上。 物聯網(Internet Of Things)就是通過網絡將物與物、人與物聯系起來,達到信息共享、智能管理的目標。起初RFID技術只是應用在組建傳感網絡中,對于傳輸網絡和智能管理網絡則是有心無力。但是隨著網絡技術和嵌入式技術的發(fā)展,這三層理論上的網絡結構在實際應用中已經不那么明顯。RFID技術結合嵌入式系統(tǒng)完全可以實現一套簡易、小型的物聯網,而且方便擴展,完全可以在硬件不變的基礎上結合PC端的軟件或者服務器端的數據庫,就能形成一套比較完整的物聯網系統(tǒng)。本次設計雖然注重于RFID單項技術,但是同時也留下許多可方便與嵌入式系統(tǒng)結合的接口,例如網絡接口,can總線協議以及常用的RS232和485總線。除此之外,還加入專用芯片設計和提供低功耗設計方法。 本課題的研究內容主要是設計一套超高頻(915Mhz)的RFID實驗平臺,其中包括超高頻射頻電路的設計、測試電路的設計、協議的功能和演示設計以及防碰撞算法的實現。其中射頻電路和協議的實現只是實驗平臺的根本,在此基礎上,加入了測試電路,方便演示和實驗；并對協議進行拆解處理,方便學習；同時在程序實現的時候留出防碰撞算法的接口,方便學生通過平臺測試自己的防碰撞算法。同時為了實現低功耗設計,本次平臺還加入了專用芯片的設計方案,可方便實現低功耗的設計。結合調試系統(tǒng)時所遇到的問題以及平臺所特有的電路結構,在第五章節(jié)描述了進行不同實驗時電路的最佳結構。 本文依次從方案確定、芯片選取、電路設計以及程序實現等方面,結合理論和實際應用講解設計的方法和理由。
[Abstract]:RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a multi-disciplinary application technology, including microwave electromagnetic theory, communication principle, embedded system and integrated circuit technology. It mainly transmits information through electromagnetic wave technology and tag, in which passive tag can work by energy in signal, the development of integrated circuit technology makes the device in RFID technology smaller and smaller, and the power consumption is lower and lower. The performance is getting better and better. And the combination with embedded technology makes the application more flexible and the scope of application wider. Now RFID has been widely used in many industries, such as traffic control, entrance guard, industrial automation and so on, and has become a new economic growth point. In recent years, the performance of RFID in the application of the Internet of things has attracted more and more attention. It is an indispensable part of building the sensor network of the Internet of things, and the packaging diversity of its label is completely applicable to all kinds of objects attached to it. Internet of things (Internet of things) is to connect things with things, people and things through the network to achieve the goal of information sharing and intelligent management. At first, RFID technology was only used to build sensor networks, but it was powerless for transmission networks and intelligent management networks. However, with the development of network technology and embedded technology, the three-layer theoretical network structure has become less obvious in practical application. RFID technology combined with embedded system can completely realize a set of simple, small Internet of things, and it is easy to expand. It is possible to combine PC software or server database on the basis of the same hardware, and form a relatively complete Internet of things system. Although this design focuses on the single RFID technology, it also leaves many interfaces that can be easily combined with embedded system, such as the network interface can bus protocol and the commonly used RS232 and 485 bus. In addition, special chip design and low-power design methods are added. The main research content of this thesis is to design a set of UHF (915MHz) RFID experimental platform, including the design of UHF RF circuit, the design of test circuit, the function and demonstration design of protocol and the realization of anti-collision algorithm. The realization of RF circuit and protocol is only the basis of the experimental platform. On this basis, the test circuit is added to facilitate the demonstration and experiment, and the protocol is disassembled to facilitate learning. At the same time, the interface of anti-collision algorithm is set aside when the program is implemented, which is convenient for students to test their anti-collision algorithm through the platform. At the same time, in order to achieve low power design, the platform also added a special chip design scheme, which can facilitate the implementation of low power design. Combined with the problems encountered in debugging the system and the unique circuit structure of the platform, the optimal structure of the circuit in different experiments is described in the fifth chapter. In this paper, the method and reason of the design are explained from the following aspects: scheme determination, chip selection, circuit design and program realization, combined with theory and practical application.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP391.44;TP368.1

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