本文選題：面向方面軟件開發(fā)　切入點：軟件產(chǎn)品線　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：處理器技術(shù)革新，尤其是多核處理器的出現(xiàn)，極大地推動了嵌入式固件和嵌入式軟件的發(fā)展。面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)也成為了嵌入式固件開發(fā)和嵌入式軟件開發(fā)的主流。但是，用面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)設(shè)計開發(fā)軟件系統(tǒng)時，即使使用了設(shè)計模式，系統(tǒng)中各個模塊之間仍然會經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生代碼纏結(jié)和散射，，而且難以消除。其次，代碼中的纏結(jié)和散射對軟件模塊化造成了破壞，使得代碼難以理解和維護，且降低了該模塊的可重用性，使得軟件難以進化。第三，在用面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)設(shè)計軟件系統(tǒng)時，需求難以與實現(xiàn)組件建立有效的對應(yīng)和追蹤關(guān)系，這影響了系統(tǒng)的復(fù)用性和擴展性，也對開發(fā)效率造成了很大的影響。 面向方面編程提供了一種更好的模塊化機制，對前兩個問題給出了近乎完美的解決辦法。對于第三個問題，面向方面軟件開發(fā)提供了一種在軟件系統(tǒng)整個生命周期的各個階段保持涉眾關(guān)注點的分離的方法，實現(xiàn)了更好的模塊化，進而可以構(gòu)建出易于擴展可復(fù)用的且易于理解的軟件系統(tǒng)。 軟件產(chǎn)品線工程是用核心資產(chǎn)進行大規(guī)模定制開發(fā)新軟件應(yīng)用的范型。它得益于領(lǐng)域業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則的穩(wěn)定性以及業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則的可規(guī)劃性，使組織能夠從一組密集性系統(tǒng)集合中開發(fā)的新應(yīng)用獲得商業(yè)利益。軟件產(chǎn)品線工程以軟件架構(gòu)為中心，新軟件系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)必須充分地利用相似系統(tǒng)的“遺產(chǎn)”，在“遺產(chǎn)”上引入個性生產(chǎn)新應(yīng)用。軟件產(chǎn)品線工程方法能夠顯著地降低成本，增強客戶滿意度，因而在嵌入式軟件開發(fā)領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是，隨著業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則的迅速變化以及跨領(lǐng)域業(yè)務(wù)合作的越發(fā)普遍，傳統(tǒng)的軟件產(chǎn)品線工程開發(fā)也不能快速地響應(yīng)變化，生產(chǎn)出令客戶滿意的產(chǎn)品了，有時甚至不能按時交付系統(tǒng)。為了增強軟件產(chǎn)品線工程的響應(yīng)速度，一個歐盟資助的最新的研究項目是將模型驅(qū)動開發(fā)應(yīng)用到軟件產(chǎn)品線工程中，具體的研究結(jié)果還沒有第三方給出評估，其效果也難以驗證。 正因為面向方面軟件開發(fā)提供的新穎的模塊化特性，能夠建立從需求到實現(xiàn)可追蹤性，本文把面向方面軟件開發(fā)應(yīng)用到嵌入式軟件產(chǎn)品線工程中。本文借鑒Lancaster大學(xué)Awais Rashid等人提出的面向方面需求工程思想，并對其進行了改進，提出了本文的基于面向方面的嵌入式軟件產(chǎn)品線需求工程方法，在用該方法對領(lǐng)域需求進行一系列分析后，得到一組由主關(guān)注點和方面組成的關(guān)注點集合，并建立需求和關(guān)注點之間的映射關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。然后從關(guān)注點集合中識別和誘導(dǎo)出用戶和客戶可見的系統(tǒng)的特點，即特征，并對特征進行了分類。利用特征的分類信息，本文提出了建立三層結(jié)構(gòu)表示的特征模型的建模方法，并用方面與特征關(guān)聯(lián)模型描述特征與方面之間的“橫切”關(guān)系，再通過正交變化模型解決特征模型的短板——特征模型對可變性之間依賴關(guān)系的支持不夠強大。由于特征是從關(guān)注點集合中識別和誘導(dǎo)出來的，特征也能與需求建立映射關(guān)聯(lián)，保證了關(guān)注點分離。特征模型、方面與特征關(guān)聯(lián)模型、正交變化模型組成領(lǐng)域模型。最后，本文給出了基于領(lǐng)域模型建立軟件產(chǎn)品線參考架構(gòu)的方法，使得需求與實現(xiàn)組件建立相對直接的、自然的、有效的映射關(guān)系。在設(shè)計理論上，實現(xiàn)了設(shè)計與需求和實現(xiàn)的之間的匹配。 為了驗證本文方法的實用性，本文使用一個真實的“便攜多媒體播放器”為藍本，用本文提出的框架進行分析和設(shè)計，建立一個便攜多媒體播放器軟件產(chǎn)品線，并有針對性的開發(fā)一個新的軟件產(chǎn)品線應(yīng)用。 本文的工作集中在嵌入式軟件產(chǎn)品線工程的領(lǐng)域工程階段。
[Abstract]:Processor technology innovation, especially the emergence of the multi-core processor, which greatly promoted the development of embedded software and embedded software. Object oriented technology has become the mainstream in embedded firmware development and embedded software development. However, with the object-oriented technology to design and develop the software system, even if the use of design patterns, still between the various modules in the system often cause code tangling and scattering, and difficult to eliminate. Secondly, the code tangling and scattering caused damage to the software module, make the code difficult to understand and maintain, and reduce the reusability of the module, which makes the software difficult to evolve. In third, with a design software system oriented object technology, it is difficult to demand the establishment of effective and corresponding relationship with the implementation of track components, which affect the system extensibility and reusability, caused a great impact on the efficiency of development.
Aspect oriented programming provides a better modular mechanism, given the almost perfect solution to the first two questions. For the third problem, aspect oriented software development provides a software system in the whole life cycle stages involving all concerns keeping method of separating, achieves a better modularity then, can build a reusable and scalable easy to understand software system.
Software product line engineering is the development of new software applications for mass customization with core assets. It benefits the stability in the field of pattern of business rules and business rules of the planning, the organization can obtain commercial benefits from the new application of a set of intensive collection system development. Software product line engineering software architecture centric development. A new software system must make full use of the similar system of "heritage", the introduction of new production in the application of personality "heritage". Software product line engineering method can significantly reduce the cost and enhance the customer satisfaction, which is widely used in the field of embedded software development. However, with the rapidly changing business rules and cross domain business cooperation is more widespread, traditional software product line engineering can quickly respond to changes, produce customer satisfaction products, have very The system could not be delivered on time. In order to enhance the response speed of the software product line engineering, a new EU funded research project will be applied to the model driven development of software product line engineering, the results haven't been given third party assessment, the effect is difficult to verify.
Because of the modular characteristics of novel aspect oriented software development to provide, can be established from the requirements to achieve traceability, the aspect oriented software development applied to embedded software product line engineering. This paper from the party for Lancaster University Awais Rashid et al. Proposed face demand engineering ideas, and its improvement, is put forward the embedded software product line engineering requirements based on aspect oriented approach in this paper. By using this method after a series analysis of domain requirements, get a set by the main focus and constituent concerns, and establish the mapping relationship between needs and concerns. Then in the collection and identification by the user and client are the characteristics of the system, from the focus that features and classify the features. Using the classification information characteristics, this paper puts forward the feature representation of three layer structure Modeling method, and with the characteristics of correlation model describing the characteristics and between "crosscutting" relationship, and then through the orthogonal variation model to solve the short - model characteristic model of plate depends on the variability between the support is not strong enough. Because of the feature from the identification and induced focus in the collection, features to establish the mapping relationship and demand, to ensure separation of concerns. Aspects associated with the feature model, feature model, field model orthogonal change model. Finally, this paper gives a method of software product line reference architecture based on domain model, so the demand and implementation of components to build a relatively direct, natural and effective mapping. The design theory, design and Realization of the match between demand and realization.
In order to verify the practicability of the method in this paper, we use a real "portable multimedia player" is modeled, analyzed and designed the framework presented in this paper, the establishment of a portable multimedia player software product line, and in the development of a new software product line application.
The work of this article is focused on the engineering phase of embedded software product line engineering.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP311.52;TP368.1

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